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of the 1970s there were those who objected to the idea of liturgy as action because they thought it placed an undue emphasis on human activity instead of on God\u27s work through the means of grace.4 Obviously, liturgy is a work performed by a person or a community, so human action is unavoidable. It is a human act to read scriptures, preach sermons, baptize, or proclaim the words of institution, even though we confess that the Holy Spirit works through these means of grace to create or awaken faith. One may also say that liturgy, like all the activities of the church, is inspired or engendered by the Holy Spirit. For this reason the chief service has been called \u27\u27the divine liturgy (e.g. the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom)