In the present text, we discuss the phenomenon of recurrence with a special focus on the issue of its formal, mathematical description. Words as well as linguistic and extralingusitic expressions created by the means of recurrence have been described along with their subject references (denotants), the methods of their construction and record. The restrictions implied on their creation were shown in the classes defined by the areas of language: system, norm and usage. We also analysed their intonation in speech. In the description, a formalism based on the theory of sets was used (set theory, abstraction classes, n-dice theory). The examples came from a corpus of Polish
