One hundred and seventeen taxa of bryophytes were collected in Bird's Hill Provincial Park, Manitoba. Habitats sampled included ditches, streams, marshes, moist clay banks, dry grassland, and areas forested by black spruce, tamarack, white cedar, white spruce, aspen, balsam poplar, and bur oak. Cephalozia catenulata, Platydictya confervoides, P. subtile, and Thuidium minutulum are new records for the province."The field work for this study was supported in part by Grant No. 140-118 from the University of Winnipeg.

Stringer, Muriel H. L. Stringer

Stringer, Paul W.

The Canadian Field-Naturalist

WinnSpace Repository

'S'lTHE CANADIANFIELD - NATURALISTVolume 871973THE OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS' CLUBOttawa CanadaStudies on the Bryophytes of Southern Manitoba.IV. Collections from Bird's Hill Provincial ParkPaul W. Stringer' and Muriel H. L. Stringer^Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9Stringer, P. W. and M. H. L. Stringer. 1973. Studies on the bryophytes of southern Manitoba. IV. Col-lections from Bird's Hill Provincial Park. Canadian Field-Naturalist 87: 285-290.Abstract. One hundred and seventeen taxa of bryophytes were collected in Bird's Hill Provincial Park, Mani-toba. Habitats sampled included ditches, streams, marshes, moist clay banks, dry grassland, and areas forestedby black spruce, tamarack, white cedar, white spruce, aspen, balsam poplar, and bur oak. Cephalozia cate-nulata, Platydictya confervoides, P. subtile, and Thiiidium minutulum are new records for the province.IntroductionBird's Hill Provincial Park lies approxi-mately 24 kilometers northeast of downtownWinnipeg. Approximately 36 square kilometersin extent, it is bounded on all sides by private,usually partly developed land. Much of thecentral upland part of the park, which had al-ready been cleared and farmed before establish-ment of the park in 1964, has now been de-veloped for recreational purposes.Bird's Hill itself, occupying most of the park,rises about 30 kilometers above the surround-ing alluvial plain. It consists of coarse-texturedglacio-fluvial deposits on limestone and dolo-mite, and was formerly an island in glacialLake Agassiz (Ehrlich et al. 1953).A considerable part of the park is occupiedby scrubby aspen-oak forest {Populus tremu-loidef - Quercus macrocarpa), with jack pineonly occasional on the coarse glacial till of theupland areas. Interspersed in this forest aresmall areas of prairie and scrub, sometimes offire origin. Coniferous forest is only a minorconstituent of the park vegetation. In the wet,poorly-drained depressions, especially in thewestern and northern parts of the park, blackspruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack {Larixlaricina) forest has developed on deep layers ofpeat. Much of the northern area is inaccessiblebecause of excessive wetness. White spruce{Picea glauca) occurs in isolated areas ofmixedwood on better drained but periodicallywet sites, and occasionally on well-drained up-'Vascular plant nomenclature follows Scoggan (1957).land sites. White cedar (Thuja occidentalis)occurs as small, isolated populations on mesic-wet sites in the western part of the park.The only bryophyte previously recorded forthe park is "Sphagnum moss" (National Audu-bon Society 1966). However, a study of thedistribution of terrestrial bryophytes in a blackspruce bog has been made by the authors(Stringer and Stringer, 1973).The present study was carried out chiefly inMay and June 1972. Collections were made at35 sites (Figure 1). Much of the northern partof the park remained flooded throughout thesummer, and site 11 (Figure 1) was the onlypart of this area that could be visited. Collec-tions from site 1 1 were made in late August.Bryophytes CollectedA total of 117 taxa were collected fromBird's Hill Provincial Park; these are Hsted. No-menclature of the Eubrya and Sphagnobryafollows Crum et al. (1965). Nomenclature ofMniaceae follows Koponen (1968, 1971).Hepatic nomenclature follows Schuster (1953,1966, 1969), with abbreviations of authoritiesmodified to conform with the list of Sayre et al.(1964).HepaticaeBlepharostoma trichophylhim (L.) Dum.Cephalozia catenulata (Hiib.) SpruceCephalozia media Lindb.Cephaloziella rubella (Nees) Warnst.Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh.) Dum.Chiloscyphus polyanthus (L.) CordaFrullania eboracensis Gott.Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph.Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dum.285286 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 8750 00 - 50 00Figure 1. Bird's Hill Provincial Park, Manitoba, showing locations of collecting sites 1-35.Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dum.Lophocolea minor NeesMarchantia polymorpha L.Porella platyphylla (L.) Lindb.Ptilidium ciliare (L.) NeesPtilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) HampeRadula complanata (L.) Dum.Riccardia latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb.Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth.Riccardia pinguis (L.) S. GraySphagnobryaSphagnum capillaceum (Weiss) SchrankSphagnum squarrosum Sw. ex CromeEubryaAmblystegium juratzkanum Schimp.Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) B.S.G.Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb.Aulacomnium palustre (Hedw.) Schwaegr.Astomum muehlenbergianum (Sw.) GroutBarbula convoluta Hedw.Barbula fallax Hedw.Barbula unguiculata Hedw.Brachythecium acuminatum (Hedw.) Rau and Herv.Brachythecium campestre (C. Miill.) B.S.G.Brachythecium collinum (Schleich. ex C. Miill.) B.S.G.Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) B.S.G.1973 Stringer and Stringer: Bird's Hill Provincial Park Bryophytes 287Brachythecium salebrosum (Web. and Mohr) B.S.G.Brachytheciiim starkei (Brid.) B.S.G.Brachythecium vehitinum (Hedw.) B.S.G.Bryoerythrophylliiin recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Chen.Bryum angustirete Kindb. ex Mac.Bryiim argenteiim Hedw.Bryum caespiticium Hedw.Bryum creberrimum Tayl.Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwaegr.Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer andScherb.Bryum stenotrichum C. Miill.Callicladium haldanianum (Grev.) CrumCalliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb.Campylium chrysophyUum (Brid.) J. LangeCampylium hispidulum (Brid.) Mitt.Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens.Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid.Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) Web. and MohrDicranella schreberiana (Hedw.) Schimp.Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp.Dicramwi polysetum Sw.Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) B.S.G.Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst.Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. var kneiffii(B. S. G.) Monk.Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. var. poly-carpus (Bland, ex Voit) RothDrepanocladus fluitans (Hedw.) Warnst.Drepanocladus revolvens (Sw.) Warnst.Drepanocladus sendtneri (Schimp.) Warnst.Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst.Encalypta procera BruchEurhynchium pulchellum (Hedw.) Jenn.Fissidens osmundioides Hedw.Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.Grimmia alpicola Hedw.Grimmia apocarpa Hedw.Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth.Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv.Helodium blandowii (Web. and Mohr) Warnst.Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) B. S. G.Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. var. resupinatum(Wils.) Schimp.Hypnum lindbergii Mitt.Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv.Hypnum pratense Koch ex SpruceHypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb.Isopterygium turfaceum (Lindb.) Lindb.Leptobryum pyriforme (Hedw.) Wils.Leptodictyum brevipes (Card, and Ther. ex Holz.)Broth.Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst.Leptodictyum trichopodium (Schultz) Warnst.Leptodictyum trichopodium (Schultz) Warnst. var.kochii (B. S. G.) Broth.Leskea polycarpa Hedw.Mnium spinulosum B. S. G.Myurella julacea (Schwaegr.) B. S. G.Oncophorus wahlenbergii Brid.Orthotrichum obtusifolium Brid.Orthotrichum pumilum Sw.Orthotrichum speciosum Nees ex SturmPhilonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid.Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) De Not.Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop.Plagiomnium drummondii (Bruch and Schimp.) Kop.Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) Kop.Plagiomnium rugicum (Laur.) Kop.Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B. S. G.Platydictya confervoides (Brid.) CrumPlatydictya subtile (Hedw.) CrumPlatygyrium repens (Brid.) B. S. G.Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt.Pohlia nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.Pohlia wahlenbergii (Web. and Mohr) Andr.Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw.Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not.Pylaisiella polyantha (Hedw.) GroutRhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr.Rhynchostegiella compacta (C. Miill.) LoeskeTetraphis pellucida Hedw.Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) B. S. G.Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) B. S. G. var. radicansCrum, Steefe and AndersonThuidium minutulum (Hedw.) B. S. G.Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb.Timmia megapolitana Hedw.Tomenthypnum nitens (Hedw.) LoeskeTortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn, Meyer and Scherb.Our annotated list of bryophytes collectedfrom Bird's Hill Provincial Park is available, ata nominal charge from the Depository of Un-published Data, National Science Library, Na-tional Research Council of Canada, Ottawa,Canada KIA 0S2. Voucher specimens havebeen deposited in the authors' own herbariumand at the University of Winnipeg,Common Bryophyte SpeciesSites 1-4 — open ditches, and clay banks ofshallow, slow-running streams, bordered byCarex spp. and Typha latijolia.Here Dicranella varia and Riccardia pinguiswere common on wet silt and clay banks. Ric-cardia pinguis is described by Schuster (1957)as a common species of moist calcareous areas.Its abundance in Bird's Hill Park is probably areflection of the predominantly calcareous na-ture of the bedrock in the park (Ehrlich et al,1953). Pohlia wahlenbergii, Philonotis fontana,and Marchantia polymorpha were also fairlycommon along ditches, while on the drier banksDicranella schreberiana and Barbula unguicu-lata were frequent.In the ditches and in moist habitats along thestreams, as in most other wet or moist sites inthe park, Drepanocladus spp. and Leptodic-tyum spp. were frequent and often abundant.Drepanocladus aduncus var. polycarpus was byfar the most common member of the genus, al-though D. aduncus (typicus), D. revolvens.288 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 87and D. sendtneri were locally abundant. Lepto-dictyum trichopodium var. kochii was alsocommon, L. trichopodium, L. brevipes and L.riparium less so. Several other pleurocarps,especially Brachythecium rutabulum, Campy-Hum stellatum, and Amblystegium juratzkanumwere often found growing among Drepano^cladus spp.On the more exposed, drier clay banks, smallacrocarps were prominent, notably Barbula con-voluta, B. fallax, Bryum creberrimum, andBryum stenotrichum. A number of species ofwide ecological amplitude, e.g. Ceratodon pur-pureas, Leptobryum pyriforme, were prominenton dry banks but could also be found at mostof the other sites visited.Sites 5-9 — Carex marshes with hummocksand small open pools, often with Typha, and ashrub layer of Salix spp., Cornus stolonifera,and Ledum groenlandicum (7).In these sites, Drepanocladus aduncus var.polycarpus and Campylium stellatum wereabundant, while Hypnum lindbergii and Plagi-omnium rugicum were also fairly common.Typical wetland species such as Sphagnumcapillaceum and Tomenthypnum nitens weresometimes abundant.Sites 10-14 — bog forest (see Figure 2)dominated by black spruce and tamarack (10,11, 13, 14) or white spruce and tamarack (12),often with a Sphagnum or Carex hummock-hollow topography and a tall shrub stratum ofCornus stolonifera, Salix spp., and Betula occi-dentalis (11).These collecting areas had the highest bryo-phyte cover and the largest number of species ofall the sites visited. Deadfall in advanced stagesof decay was frequent, and carried a high mosscover (see Figure 3).There was a relatively large number ofhepatics, many apparently confined to rottenwood, where Lophocolea heterophylla, L. bi-dentata, Chiloscyphus pallescens, C. polyanthus,and Cephalozia media were most frequent. Lessoften were found Blepharostoma trichophyllum,Cephaloziella rubella, Frullania eboracensis,Lophocolea minor, Jamesoniella autumnalis,and Porella platyphylla. Ptilidium pulcherrimumwas common on both live and fallen bark, whileRadula complanata was found on bark of blackspruce and white cedar.In almost all of the forested sites (10-28),the following species were common: Platy-gyrium repens, Pylaisiella polyantha, Ceratodonpurpureus , Campylium hispidulum, C. chryso-phyllum, Brachythecium salebrosum, B. ruta-bulum, B. campestre, Amblystegium juratzka-num, A. serpens, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, andP. rugicum. They were most prominent in thedrier areas (24-28) where they were largelyrestricted to rotten wood. In more mesic foreststhey occurred mainly on dry hummock tops orstumps.In the wetter forested sites, several speciesformed a conspicuous part of the ground cover,e.g. Thuidium recognitum, Climacium den-droides, Tomenthypnum nitens, and Helodiumblandowii. Sphagnum capillaceum and S. squar-rosum were also common.A number of species were found almost ex-clusively in black spruce-dominated forests.These included Hylocomium splendens, Pleuro-zium schreberi, Hypnum pratense, Plagio-thecium denticulatum, Platydictya subtile, andMyurella julacea.Orthotrichum speciosum, O. obtusifolium,and O. pumilum were quite common asepiphytes on the trees in wet-mesic forestedareas, O. speciosum being particularly commonin the wetter sites.A few small acrocarps occurred characteris-tically on rotten wood, e.g. Oncophorus wahlen-bergii, Tetraphis pellucida, and Pohlia nutans,mixed sometimes with the pleurocarp Haplo-cladium microphyllum.Sites 15-23 — wet-mesic forest, usually do-minated by white spruce and balsam poplar(Populus balsamijera) except in 16 and 17where the dominants were white spruce - whitecedar and white cedar - balsam poplar re-spectively. Most sites had evidence of loggingand a considerable amount of deadfall.The bryophyte species collected in thesesites were largely the same as those commonin the black spruce areas although cover wasconsiderably less and the number of species re-duced. Hepatics in particular were much1973 Stringer and Stringer: Bird's Hill Provincial Park Bryophytes 289Figure 2. Site 13, a black sprucebog forest, with a few tama-rack bordering the willow -sedge marsh in the fore-ground.scarcer although several collections were madeof Lopocolea spp. and Chiloscyphus spp.Thuidium recognitum and Climacium den-droides were still prominent in the moister sites,while Brachythecium spp., Plagiomnium spp.,Amblystegium spp., and Eurhynchium pulchel-lum were usually conspicuous.Sites 24-28 — upland, usually xeric, mixed-wood forest dominated by white spruce, aspen,oak, and by balsam poplar (24). Juniperuscommunis was the dominant shrub in 25 and26, while Corylus americana, Prunus virginiana,and Amelanchier alnifolia were prominent inothers.Figure 3. Forest floor of site13, showing deadfall and alarge patch of Thuidium re-cognitum (right center). Pro-minent understorey vascularspecies are Rubus pubescens,Cormis canadensis, and Carexspp.These forests had a relatively poor bryophyteflora, consisting chiefly of common pleurocarpson rotten wood.Liverworts were very rare. However, the onlycollection of Ptilidium ciliare in the park wasmade at site 25 where several large patcheswere found.Polytrichum juniperinum was frequent, alongwith small acrocarps such as Bryum spp.Sites 29-35 — granite boulders (29), anddry, sandy grassland (32, 33), sometimescrossed by trails (31), spring flooded (30), orrecently burnt (35); site 34 was an abandonedgravel pit with limestone and dolomite till.290 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 87In the dry grassland areas almost all of therather sparse bryophyte cover consisted of shortturf mosses such as Bryum argenteum, B.creberrimum, B. caespiticium , Barbula convo-luta, Tortula ruralis, Encalypta procera, andCeratodon purpureus, with Funaria hygro-metrica abundant in recently burnt areas.Spring-flooded grasslands often had a con-siderable cover of Drepanocladus aduncus var.polycarpus.The only bryophytes found on rocks wereGrimmia apocarpa and Hedwigia ciliata. Onecollection of Grimmia alpicola was also madeon an isolated granite boulder at site 26.One collection of Astomum muehlenberg-ianum was made at site 35. This species has beenreported only once previously for Manitoba(Longton 1972) for the Carberry area in thesouthwestern part of the province.New RecordsFour new records were made for theprovince: Cephalozia catenulata, Platydictyaconjervoides, P. subtile, and Thuidium minutu-lum.Platydictya conjervoides was found once onthin humus on a granite rock at site 26. Grout(1932) gives its distribution (as Amblystegiellaconjervoides) as New England, southeasternCanada, along the Great Lakes, and in theRocky Mountains. As no records are listed byBird (1966) for Saskatchewan or Alberta, theBird's Hill collection appears to be the firstfrom the prairie provinces, and a western ex-tension of the species' range in Canada.Platydictya subtile was fairly common on treebases in black spruce - tamarack forests. Grout(1932) gives its range (as Amblystegiella sub-tilis) as follows: southern Canada and northernU.S., west to Minnesota and Wisconsin, NewJersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and IlHnois. Norecords are given by Bird (1966) for theprairie provinces. The present report thus repre-sents a northwestern extension of the range.One collection of Thuidium minutulum wasmade on humus and well-rotted wood at site16. According to Grout (1932), this species ismost common in the southern United States,although it ranges as far north as Minnesota andNew Brunswick. The present record extends itsnorthwestern range.Acknowledgment'The field work for this study was supportedin part by Grant No. 140-118 from the Uni-versity of Winnipeg.Literature CitedBird, C. D. 1966. A catalogue of the bryophytesreported from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Mani-toba. University of Calgary, Calgary. (Processedpublication).Crum, H., W. C. Steere, and L. E. Anderson. 1965.A list of the mosses of North America. The Bry-ologist 68: 377-432.Ehrlich, W. A., E. A. Peyser, L. E. Pratt, and J. H.Ellis. 1953. Report of reconnaissance soil surveyof Winnipeg and Morris map sheet areas. Soils Re-port Number 5, Manitoba Department of Agricul-ture.Grout, A. J. 1932. Moss flora of North Americanorth of Mexico. Vol. 3, Part 3, Newfane, Vermont.Grout, A. J. 1938. Moss flora of North Americanorth of Mexico. Vol. 1, Part 3, Newfane, Vermont.Koponen, T. 1968. Generic revision of MniaceaeMitt. (Bryophyta). Annales Botanici Fennici 5: 117-151.Koponen, T. 1971. A monograph of Plagiomniumsect. Rosulata (Mniaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici8: 305-367.Longton, R. E. 1972. Nineteen bryophytes new toManitoba. The Bryologist 75: 348-350.National Audubon Society. 1966. Survey reportand educational-use plans, natural resources center.Bird's Hill Provincial Park, Winnipeg, Canada. NewYork. 78 pp.Sayre, G., C. E. B. Bonner, and W. L. Culberson.1964. The authorities for the epithets of mosses,hepatics, and lichens. The Bryologist 67: 113-135.Schuster, R. M. 1953. Boreal Hepaticae. A manualof the liverworts of Minnesota and adjacent regions.The American Midland Naturalist 49(2): i-v, 257-684.Schuster, R. M. 1957. Boreal Hepaticae. A manualof the liverworts of Minnesota and adjacent regions.II. Ecology. The American Midland Naturalist57(1-2): 203-299.Schuster, R. M. 1966. The Hepaticae and Antho-cerotae of North America east of the HundredthMeridian. Volume I. Columbia University Press,New York. 802 pp.Schuster, R. M. 1969. The Hepaticae and An-thocerotae of North America east of the HundredthMeridian. Volume II. Columbia University Press,New York. 1062 pp.Scoggan, H. J. 1957. Flora of Manitoba. NationalMuseum of Canada, Bulletin 140.Stringer, P. W. and M. H. L. Stringer. 1973.Studies on the bryophytes of southern Manitoba.VII. Distribution of terrestrial bryophytes in a blackspruce bog in Bird's Hill Provincial Park. TheBryologist 76: 252-259.Received February 22, 1973Accepted May 31, 1973

Studies on the Bryophytes of Southern Manitoba. IV. Collections from Bird's Hill Provincial Park

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Studies on the Bryophytes of Southern Manitoba. IV. Collections from Bird's Hill Provincial Park

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