Überblick über Brennstoffzellen- und Verbrennungsmotorische Antriebsstränge auf Wasserstoffbasis für moderne Fahrzeuge und Maschine

Brinner, Andreas

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Institute of Transport Research:Publications

New Emission Free Power Trains for Modern VehiclesDipl.-Ing. Andreas Brinner Tel: ++49 (0)711 6862 574Fax: ++49 (0)711 6862 1574E-mail: andreas.brinner@dlr.deDLR German Aerospace Center in StuttgartInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsPfaffenwaldring 38-40, D-70569 StuttgartInternet: www.dlr.de/fkInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsContent of the PresentationMotivation for the Development of new Vehicle Power TrainsFuel Cell Technologies and their Functional PrinciplesArchitecture of Vehicle-Integrated Fuel Cell Power TrainsProcess Engineering Concept of a Fuel Cell SystemAvailability of Fuel Cell SystemsPEFC System Package in VehiclesHydrogen Combustion Engines and Conventional Power TrainsHydrogen Storage Technologies for VehiclesShort SummaryInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsVision Sustainable, Secure and Financeable„Individual Mobility“Significant Improved Useage of Energy Potentials forVehicle and Transport TystemsBreakthrough at Emission- / CO2-Free or -NeutralPower Train TechnologiesIncreasing Energy Efficiency of TransportInnovative Vehicle Conceptsfor Road and RailwayInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsThe Fields of Research of the DLR-Institute FKFK designs and demonstrates innovations for vehicle concepts and technologies of new transportation concepts adopted to the needsAlternative Energy ConverterVehicle Drive TrainConceptsLightweight- & Hybrid-DesignVehicle System &Technology Assessment1 2 3 4Innovative Vehicle Concepts for Road and RailInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsMotivation for the Development of new VehicleConcepts and Drive TrainsSource: Dr. Schmidtchen, DWV, F-cell Sept. 2007Institute of Vehicle ConceptsCO2 – Emissions of Hybride Drive Train Concepts compared to Fuel Cell Power TrainsSources: DLR. R. Edwards, Well-To-Wheel Analysis, 2003. UBA-H2, Entwicklung einer Gesamtstrategie zur Einf. alternat. Kraftstoffe. Pehnt, Ganzheitliche Bilanzierung, 2002. Schweimer, Sachbilanz des Golf A4, Wolfsburg.0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500Otto-CE ReferenceOtto-CE Start/StopOtto-CE Micro-HybridOtto-CE  Mild-HybridOtto-CE  Full-HybridFuel Cell H2 from CoalFuel Cell H2 from Natural GasFuel Cell H2 from Clean CoalFuel Cell H2 from Renewable EnergyCO2 Emissions (kg/year)Provision of VehicleProvision of FuelCity ConsumptionOut of Town ConsumptionCE: Combustion EngineInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsComparison of of Power Trains Efficiencies and its Development Potentials with a Tank-To-Wheel-LookSource: Dr. Wind, Daimler, F-cell Sept. 2007Today PotentialReference: European Compact Car, NEDC TestH2 CombustionEngineInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsUse withVehiclesand as a APUSource: „Grundlagen Brennstoffzellen“, T. Aigle, WBZU, 2006Classification of Fuel Cell TechnologiesInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsThe Basic Principle of a Low Temperature Fuel CellPEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell)Polymer Electrolyte MembraneO2 + 4H+ + 4e- -> 2H2O2H2 -> 4 H+ + 4e-Anode Cathode- Anode: Hydrogen (H2) isoxydised (deliversElektrones)- Electrolyte MembraneConducts Protons but isan Electrical Isolator- Cathode: Oygen (O2) isreduced (receivesElektronee)H2H2O2H2OH2O- Typical ElectricalValues Load-connected0,7 V Voltage0,75 A/cm2 CurrentInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsSource: „GM Well to Wheel Analysis... – A European Study“, GM Adam Opel AG, 2002Hybrid Power Train with Fuel CellAuxilliariesInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsBasic Process Concept of a Fuel Cell System Institute of Vehicle ConceptsSubsystems and Interaction of a Fuel Cell VehicleFuel Cell System Fuel Treatment Air Supply Water & Thermal Energy Management Control SystemsFuel Cell System Fuel Treatment Air Supply Water & Thermal Energy Management Control SystemsCooling SystemCooling SystemClimatisation ofPassenger Compartment Climatisation ofPassenger Compartment SuspensionUndercarriageSuspensionUndercarriageElectrical EquipmentElectrical Equipment Drive TrainDrive TrainBody & ChassisBody & Chassis Safety SystemsSafety Systems Control SystemsControl SystemsInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsExamples of deliverable Fuel Cell Modules from different Manufacturers (no claim to completeness)Hydrogenics – HyPM HD65, 65kWBallard – Mark902, 85kWNuvera – Andromeda, 50kWNuvera – Powerflow, 5kW Nedstack – PS6-100, 6-100kWProton Motors – MH30, 18-38kWInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsPackage Concept of the PEFC Power Train in the Underbody of a Mercedes B-Class F-cellCut throughMercedes B-Class F-CellPackage Example of a Fuel CellSystem into the F-Cell Double BottomSource: Dr. Wind, DC / Brennstoffzellenfahrzeuge bei DaimlerChrysler F-cell 2007Institute of Vehicle ConceptsPackage Concept of a Fuel Cell Power Train for the Engine Compartments of GM- and Opel-Fuel Cell VehiclesSource: Dr. Eberle GM / Opel Fuel Cell Activities, F-cell 2007Opel / GM HydroGen 1Chevrolet Equinox Fuel CellSource: „Technische Daten des „HydroGen 1“, GM Adam Opel AG, 2002Institute of Vehicle ConceptsFuel Cell System Package in the DLR Test Vehicle HyLiteOverview about the System PackageInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsBattery setHAWKERAir charge coolerAKGH2-storage vesselAIR LIQUIDEAir intake filterMAHLEFuel cell stacksNUVERASeparator vesselDLRLiquid pumpDLR / SPECKDI-water filterMAHLEFront main coolerAKGCell voltage meas. unitSMARTMagnetic valveGSRDC/DC-converterFhG / DLRDrive controllerMES-DEAPrimary heatexchangerAKGSeparatorMAHLEAir compressorRIETSCHLE-THOMASCondenserAKGHyLite Fuel Cell System Component Development EffortsInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsModular DLR- PEFC-System Concept with High Degree of Package Freedom for the Vehicle IntegrationH2 Supply ModuleControl ModulePEFC Cor System ModuleAir Supply ModuleCooling ModuleInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsAirport Aprone Area Pulling Tractor with Fuel CellHybrid Power SupplyH2-in AirMeasurementPEFC-Emergency-ShutdownCooling System and Hydrogen SupplyInterconnectionPEFC-Systemunder theDriver SeatInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsModulare 2,1kWN PEFC-SystemIdentical Concept between 1,2 and 2,4kWAir SupplyModulePEFC-Core ModuleControl/Power AdaptationH2-SupplyModuleHybrid-BatterySystemInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsPackage Concepts of different PEFC-Power Supplies in Fuel Cell BussesSource: „Brennstoffzellen im mobilen Einsatz“, F. Panik, F-cell 2007Mercedes Benz Citaro Fuel Cell BusProton Motor FC City Bus Project FCZ H2BusSource: „PEM Fuel Cells in Hybrid Configuration“, B. Eska, F-cell 2007Institute of Vehicle ConceptsFuel Cell Locomotives for Hydrogen Powered Operation Concepts and Prototypes20kW PEFC-Power250kW PEFC-Power1200kW PEFC-PowerLocomotive at Begin of RefittingSource: A.R. Miller et al. / Journal of Power Sources 157 (2006) 855–861Source: Final Technical Report, Cooperative Agreement:DE-FC36-99GO10458,  1/28/2003  Source: A.R. Miller et al. / Journal of Power Sources 173 (2007) 935–942Institute of Vehicle ConceptsFuel Cell is no new Development but needs long-term Development EffortSource: GM-FCA, F-Cell Conference 2007Institute of Vehicle ConceptsVehicle Examples with Hydrogen Combustion EngineSource: motortalk.de, Jul. 2004 Source: hybrid-autos.info, 2006Ford Focus C-MAX H2-ICE2,3l, 82kW for H2-OperationMazda RX-8 Hydrogen RELinde Gabelstapler 39x2l, 43kW für H2-OperationSource: linde-mh.de.de, Mär. 2010BMW Hydrogen 76,0l, 191kW for bivalentic OperationSource: Autopresse.de, Dez. 2006 Source: Claus Ableiter, 2008Institute of Vehicle ConceptsMAN Busses with H2-Internal Combustion EnginesWasserstoff-Combustion EngineMAN Typ H 2876 UHSource: The Knack, 2008Source: TOTAL, Werner Weisflog, 2008Motor Data:H 2876 UH H2876 LUH0112,8l 12,8 l150kW / 2200 1/min 200kW / 2200 1/min760Nm / 1000 1/min 1000Nm / 1000 1/minMAN-BusTyp Lion‘s City HInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsGravimetric & Volumetric Energy Content of Different FuelsSource: „Verkehr und Wasserstoffspeicherung“, Garche, Treffinger, FVS 2002Grey: vol. Energy Density in MJ / lRed: grav. Energy Density in MJ / kgDiesel Petrol Methane (l) Methane (g) Methanole H2 (l) H2 (g)200 bar 200 barInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsSource: Dr. Eberle GM / Opel Fuel Cell Activities, F-cell 2007Hydrogen Storage Technologies & their BoundaryConditions of OperationInstitute of Vehicle ConceptsSummary:Limitations of Hydrogen as a Fuel and Secondary Energy CarrierSource: Dr. Schmidtchen, DWV, F-cell 2007• Hydrogen is no primary energy source but a secondaryenergy carrier. It has to be produced with additional energetic effort from a primary energy source/ converter.• Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier but with a look on thetotal ecologic balance it can not be cleaner that the primaryenergy source.• Hydrogen can not be cheaper than the primary energysource.• Hydrogen and fuel cells have always to compete with otherenvironmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. Theyare no wonder and no panacea.

New emission-free power trains for modern vehicles

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