The research staff at Western Michigan University\u27s Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education regularly participates in industry workshops across the state of Michigan. Here is a  an educational PowerPoint on Michigan geology

Harrison, William B., III

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Western Michigan UniversityScholarWorks at WMUMichigan Geological Repository for Research andEducation Geosciences2016Geology of MichiganWilliam B. Harrison IIIMichigan Geological Repository for Research and EducationFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/michigangeologicalrepositoryPart of the Geology CommonsThis Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by theGeosciences at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusionin Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education by anauthorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information,please contact maira.bundza@wmich.edu.WMU ScholarWorks CitationHarrison, William B. III, "Geology of Michigan" (2016). Michigan Geological Repository for Research and Education. 2.http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/michigangeologicalrepository/2William B. Harrison, III,Michigan Geological Repository for Research and EducationDepartment of Geosciences Western Michigan UniversityKalamazoo, MichiganGeology – The Earth Beneath Our Feet Geology is the surface of the Earth and the soils, sands, gravels and solid bedrock deeper into the earth Sometimes we are interested in what is a few hundred feet down, sometimes thousands of feet down.How Do We Describe Geologic Materials?How do we know about the Geology of Michigan? We look around Michigan and observe the landforms, soils, beaches, etc. at the surface and also look for areas of solid bedrock, mostly along the lake shores, in river valleys and in quarries that we dig. Also we can sample rock layers by drilling wells.Michigan Stratigraphic Column Decades of studies of Michigan Geology has produced a similar diagram of the rock layers Thickness of this entire column can be up to 16,000 feet in the center of the StateFrom Michigan Basin GeologicalSociety and Michigan Geological Survey, 2000Variation in Geology around the State The thickness and types of geologic materials vary from region to region in Michigan The thickest column of these formations is in Central Michigan  and thinning occurs towards the edges Surface geology may vary, especially in the Upper Peninsula Types of rocks deeper in the subsurface may change around the StateGeologic Cross Section ofMichiganFrom Michigan Oil and Gas NewsIntroduction-Geology of Michigan Geologic data for most of Michigan is derived from sparse natural outcrops, quarries and abundant well data with logs, samples and cores  Surface geology of Michigan is dominated by Pleistocene Glacial deposits and landforms Subsurface geology is mostly the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Michigan Basin Surface and subsurface geology of Western Upper Peninsula is Pre-Cambrian crystalline igneous and metamorphic with some sedimentary and metasedimentary rocksGlacial Geology in MichiganSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfGlacial Gravel Quarry, near Petoskey, MIBedrock Geology of MichiganSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfGeologic Setting of the Michigan BasinMichigan Stratigraphic Column• Jurassic outcrops are not found in Michigan, strata is only known from oil and gas drilling samples that contain fossil spores and pollen of Jurassic age.• Ionia Sandstone is only known formation.• Lithology is medium to fine red sandstone probably deposited in a terrestrial setting.Jurassic SubcropSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdf• Isolated outcrops occur in Arenac, Branch, Calhoun, Clinton, Eaton, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Ottawa, Saginaw and Shiawassee counties.• Major natural resources are limestone, sandstone and coal.• Several units are regional bedrock aquifers and serve as an important source of fresh water. • Lithology is mixed sandstone, shale, siltstone, coal and limestone deposited in a fluvial-deltaic setting.Pennsylvanian SubcropSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfPennsylvanian Sandstones at Grand Ledge, MIhttp://www.msstate.edu/dept/geosciences/CT/TIG/WEBSITES/LOCAL/Summer2003/Fessenden_Lisa/7day1.html• Largest area of subcrop for any geological system in the Lower Peninsula.• Major natural resources are limestone and fine-grained sandstone.• Marshall Sandstone is major regional bedrock aquifer and serves as an important source of fresh water. • Lithology is mixed sandstone, shale, siltstone, coal and limestone deposited in a shallow marine setting.Mississippian SubcropSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfDevonian Subcrop• Natural outcrops and quarries are relatively abundant, especially near the Great Lakes margins. Bedrock is commonly near the surface, with thin glacial veneer.• Major natural resources are limestone and a few clay shales.• Fractured and karsted Limestone are regional bedrock aquifer in northern L.P. • Lithology is mostly Limestone and Dolomite with minor shale, evaporites and sandstone.Steve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfMiddle Devonian reservoirs include Traverse Limestone, Dundee Formation, Detroit River Group and Amherstberg Fm.  Subcrop of these rocks shown in blue.Middle Devonian Rocks in Michigan From Michigan Geological Survey Presentation – “The Rock Cycle”TraverseDundeeDetroit River/RichfieldAmherstbergAntrim Shale Localities near Norwood, MI and Kettle Point, ONTTraverse Lime, near Charlevoix,MI and Squaw Bay, near Alpena, MI Rogers City and Dundee Limestones, Near Rogers City, MIMichigan Stratigraphic ColumnSilurian SubcropSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdf• Natural outcrops and quarries are fairly common in southeastern U.P.  Bedrock is commonly near the surface, with thin glacial veneer.• Major natural resources are limestone and dolomite near surface and salt in subsurface.• Fractured and karsted Limestone and dolomite are regional bedrock aquifer in southeastern U.P. • Lithology is mostly Limestone and Dolomite with minor shale and abundant basinal evaporites.Silurian Engadine Fm. Northeast of St. Ignace, MIMichigan Stratigraphic ColumnOrdovician SubcropSteve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdf• Natural outcrops uncommon in central U.P.  Bedrock is commonly near the surface, with thin glacial veneer.• Major natural resources are limestone and dolomite.• Fractured and karsted Limestone and dolomite are regional bedrock aquifer in central U.P. • Lithology is mostly Limestone and Dolomite with minor shale and sandy dolomite.Cambrian Subcrop• Natural outcrops abundant along Lake Superior shoreline.  Bedrock is commonly near the surface, with thin glacial veneer. Major waterfall forming unit in U.P.• Major potential natural resource is Sandstone.• Sandstone is local bedrock aquifer in northern U.P. • Lithology is predominately Sandstone.Steve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfMunising Ss. Pictured Rocks National LakeshorePre-Cambrian Subcrop• Natural outcrops and mines abundant in western U.P.  • Major source of metallic ores, especially iron and copper.• Generally poor local bedrock aquifer. • Lithology is varied, mostly crystalline igneous and metamorphic along with sediments and metasediments.Steve Wilson, 2006http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ogs-gimdl-GTLH_geo.pdfPre-Cambrian outcrops in Western U.P.Basalt Dikes through GraniteGlacial Polish on Mesnard QuartziteStromatolites in Kona DolomiteRepublic Iron MineMGRRE at W.M.U. in Kalamazoo, MI Houses Michigan Subsurface DataMichigan Subsurface Geology Geologic strata in the Michigan Basin range in age from Pleistocene glacial drift and the youngest Jurassic-aged bedrock through Cambrian to Pennsylvanian sedimentary bedrock that reaches a maximum thickness of about 16,000 feet in the basin center Strata thin and are eroded to progressively older units moving toward the basin margins Data from several hundred thousand shallow water wells and over 58,000 oil and gas and mineral wells Data includes logs, drill cuttings samples and cores, as well as limited seismic profiles and gravity and magnetic geophysical measurements Locations of Oil and Gas wells drilled throughout MichiganRed – Natural GasGreen – OilBlack – Dry holeCore SamplesTypical Log format for describing portion of a wellRed, Black, Blue and Green Lines are electrical sensor logsLithologic column describes rock typeLower Devonian-Upper Silurian Regional Stratigraphic Cross SectionInset map Sylvania Sst Isopach (Landes, 1945)Sylvania Sst Picks from Driller’s Logs; shaded logs shows FDC-CNL cross-overBase KaskaskiaUnconformityIsopach and structural contour maps on selected horizons using well dataCompiled by Dr. D.A. Barnes, WMU

Geology of Michigan

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Geology of Michigan

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