Durability of CSP materials. Presentation for 4th SYMPOSIUM IPES by Teresa Diamantino

Diamantino, Teresa

Gomes, A.

Gonçalves, R.

Paiva, T.

Vasques, I.F.

English

Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora

27/09/20181Durability of CSP MaterialsTeresa C. Diamantino, A. Gomes, T. Paiva, I. F. Vasques, R. GonçalvesLNEG (Lisboa, Portugal)4th SYMPOSIUM IPES, 24-25 September 2018, University of Evora4th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 2▪ LNEG short presentation▪ CSP and Corrosion costs▪ Atmospheric corrosion and durability of reflectors▪ Steels and Corrosion ▪ Corrosion with molten saltsOutline27/09/201824th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 3Estrutura Orgânica FuncionalLaboratory Netw orkLNEG is an R&D institution oriented to meet the needs of society and business. We aim at a sustainable research in a sustainability frame through the generation of knowledge of our territory.4th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 4Labor Cost Site and Solar Field17%Equipment Solar Field and HTF System39%Thermal Storage System10%Conventional Plant Components and Plant System14%Others20%Costs of CSP Adatpted from https://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/DocumentLibrary/ESMAP_MENA_Local_Manufacturing_Ex_Summary.pdfHIGH EFFICIENCY WITH LOW COSTLabor Cost Site and Solar FieldSolar FieldSite preparation and InfrastructureSteel ConstructionPipingElectric Installations and othersEquipment Solar Field and HTF SystemMirrorsReceiversSteel ConstructionFoundationsTrackersSwivel jointsHTF System (Piping, Insulation, Heat Exchangers, Pumps)Heat Transfer FluidElectronics, Controls, Electrical and Solar EquipmentThermal Storage SystemSaltStorage TanksInsulation MaterialsFoundationsHeat ExchangersPumpsBalance of SystemConventional Plant Components and Plant SystemPower BlockBalance of PlantGrid Connection27/09/201834th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 5https://www.esmap.org/sites/esmap.org/files/DocumentLibrary/ESMAP_MENA_Local_Manufacturing_Ex_Summary.pdfMaterial and Land Requirements for CSP Reference PlantCSP Materials4th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 6Corrosion Costshttps://www.nace.org/uploadedFiles/Publications/ccsupp.pdfDirect costs 3.1% GDPGross Domestic ProductHigh impacts:EconomicEnvironmentalSocial25-30%How MuchCan Be Saved?1000-1400 million €Gas and water distribution, sewerage network, electriciy production and distribution, telecommunicationAppropriateanticorrosive protectionmeasures(NACE Report 2016)27/09/201844th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 7ATMOSPHERIC CORROSIVITY DATA IN THE WORLDC1 very low corrosivityC2   low corrosivityC3   medium corrosivityC4 high corrosivityC5 very high corrosivityCX extreme corrosivityK.Slamova et al.. Photon. Energy. 2(1), 2012 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JPE.2.022003)http://geoportal.lneg.pt/geoportal/mapas/ajuda/MapaCorrosao_Ajuda.html4th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 8ELECTRODEPOSITIONHOT DIP GALVANIZINGMETALIZATIONSHERARDIZINGSupport structures27/09/201854th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 9Durability of ReflectorsCoralie Avenel et al. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 186 (2018) 29–41 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2018.06.024Monolithic glass Laminate glass Aluminium Polymer mirrorsGoals for solar reflector materials- 30 years lifetime - >95% specular reflectance (φ = 7.5 mrad)- specular reflectance loss <1% over lifetime- low manufacturing cost < 10 €/m²4th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 10Durability of ReflectorsVERY HIGH – EXTREME CORROSIVITYSINES TEST SITE2 years of outdoor exposureLOW – MEDIUM CORROSIVITYLUMIAR_LISBON TEST SITE27/09/201864th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 11Corrosion and Molten SaltsHigh operating temperature is necessary to improve efficiency in the CSP system and molten-salts have been revealed the most promising HTF candidates at high temperatures. K. Vignarooban et al. Applied Energy 146 (2015) 383–396OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR VARIOUS HTFsCorrosion issues are more significant in CSP plants operated with molten-salts compared to other HTFs, mainly because of the high operating temperatures.For reliable long-term application and in particular high temperatures (e.g. ≥500ºC) there is still a lack of knowledge about corrosion mechanisms and results and methodologies are inconsistent about steel corrosion rates  in molten saltsLow melting pointHigh specific heatHigh thermal conductivityHigh boiling pointLow pressure valueLow viscosityLow reactivityLow costEconomic availabilityLow corrosivity4th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 12Corrosion and Molten Salts (Inside corrosion)what steel and what is their life timeF.J. Ruiz-Cabañas et al.Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 163 (2017) 134–147Stability of metallic materials in contact with HTF is a crucial parameter for the longevity of CSP systems.Alloy type Advantage DisadvantageCarbon and low alloy steel- Sufficient mechanical properties- May be tolerant to low concentration of chloride impurities- Low relative cost- May require protective nitrogen atmosphere during exposure to molten salt to control corrosion rate- Corrosion rate increases when operating temperatures increases- May be intolerant to chloride impuritiesStainless steel - Good mechanical properties tend to be maintained at the higher temperatures- Better corrosion performance than carbon steel- Little effect of chloride impurities on corrosion rate- Low cost relative to Ni-base alloys- Corrosion rate increases with operating temperature- Risk of localized corrosionNi base alloys - Resistance to localized corrosion and SCC superior to SS- Similar corrosion rate to SS- High relative cost27/09/201874th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 13Few data is available of structuralmaterials degradation based onfailure analyses in commercialplants.Other corrosion tests are necessaryto gain insight the materialdegradation by new molten saltsfor its use in CSP plants like:- Dynamic corrosion tests- Electrochemical techniques- Mechanical testing (fatigue andstress corrosion cracking)Materials Corrosion for TESSS 316L SS 321L SS 430Corrosion behaviour  in contact withTernary Nitrate Salt (500ºC)15% NaNO3, 43% KNO3 and 42% Ca(NO3)24th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 14020406080100120120 240 480 720 1440 2040 3000Corrosion rate (microns/year)Time (h)321H SS 316L SS 430 SS020406080100120120 240 480 720 1440 2040 3000Corrosion rate (microns/year)Time (hours)316L SS 321H SSCorrosion and Molten SaltsCorrosion rate in contact with Solar Salt (550ºC)Austenitic and Ferritic SSCorrosion rate in contact with Ternary Nitrate Salt (500ºC)15% NaNO3, 43% KNO3 and 42% Ca(NO3)240% NaNO3, 60% KNO3A. Gomes et al. 2018 Solar Energy (accepted)These salts are compatible with austenitic stainless steel with corrosion rate between 4-10m/year.Low alloy steels often reveal insufficient corrosion behavior. Austenitic SS27/09/201884th SYMPOSIUM IPES    |      24-25 September 2018      |      Univ. Évora | Presenting author: Teresa C. Diamantino 15DURABILITY OF MATERIALS : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCHwww.lneg.ptTeresa C. Diamantino teresa.diamantino@lneg.ptFunded by the European UnionNew Storage Latent and Sensible Concept for High Efficient CSP Plants (GA nº720985)Project STAGE-STE - Scientific and Technological Alliance for Guaranteeing the European excellence in Concentrating Solar Thermal energy (7FP) (2014-2018) GA 609837Thank you for your attention

Durability of CSP Materials

http://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/30266/1/Simp%c3%b3sio%20IPES%2024_25%20setembro%202018%20Teresa_Diamantino_Durability_CSP_Mater.._.pdf

Durability of CSP Materials

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora