This species is endemic to a small area in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, with subpopulations scattered in approximately 16 localities. It is assessed as Endangered (EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv)) because it has an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of less than 500 km2 and shows signs of severe fragmentation due to the ongoing transformation of its specific habitat of sandy soils with an impermeable underlayer in temporary pools, as a result of several ongoing major threats associated with intensive agricultural activities. Based on this information, a continuing decline in the AOO, habitat quality and number of subpopulations has been inferred. Additional research and conservation action is needed for this species

Carapeto, André

Fraga i Arquimbau, Pere

García Murillo, Pablo

Pinto-Cruz, Carla

Ríos Ruiz, S.

English

Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2008: T13164423A18614355Scope: Global & MediterraneanLanguage: EnglishJuncus emmanuelisAssessment by: García Murillo, P.G., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., Ríos Ruiz, S. &Fraga i Arquimbau, P.View on www.iucnredlist.orgCitation: García Murillo, P.G., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga i Arquimbau, P. 2018.Juncus emmanuelis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13164423A18614355.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.enCopyright: © 2018 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural ResourcesReproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCNSpecies Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona StateUniversity; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us withfeedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™TaxonomyKingdom Phylum Class Order FamilyPlantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Poales JuncaceaeTaxon Name:  Juncus emmanuelis A.Fern. & J.G.GarcíaSynonym(s):• Juncus emmanuelis A.Fern. & J.G.García var. inflatifolius A.Fern. & J.G.GarcíaTaxonomic Source(s):Fernandez-Carvajal, M.C. 1982. Revision del genero Juncus L. en la peninsula iberica. IV.  subgenerosJuncinella (Fourr.) Krecz. & Gontsch., Septati Buchenau y Alpini Buchenau. Anales Jardin Botanico deMadrid 39 (2): 301-379.Assessment InformationRed List Category & Criteria: Endangered B2ab(ii,iii,iv) ver 3.1Year Published: 2018Date Assessed: December 16, 2015Justification:This species is endemic to a small area in the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, with subpopulationsscattered in approximately 16 localities. It is assessed as Endangered (EN B2ab(ii,iii,iv)) because it has anArea of Occupancy (AOO) of less than 500 km2 and shows signs of severe fragmentation due to theongoing transformation of its specific habitat of sandy soils with an impermeable underlayer intemporary pools, as a result of several ongoing major threats associated with intensive agriculturalactivities. Based on this information, a continuing decline in the AOO, habitat quality and number ofsubpopulations has been inferred. Additional research and conservation action is needed for thisspecies.Geographic RangeRange Description:This rush is endemic to the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, where it has only been recorded fromvery localized sites in the southern half of Portugal (Alto Alentejo, Baixo Alentejo, Estremadura, Algarveand Ribatejo provinces) and southwestern Spain (Huelva Province), in western Andalusia (FernandezCarvajal 1977, Romero-Zarco 2010, Sociedade Portuguesa de Botânica 2012-2014, Anthos 2015).Country Occurrence:Native: Portugal (Portugal (mainland)); Spain (Spain (mainland))© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en1Distribution MapJuncus emmanuelis© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en2PopulationThis rush has a small AOO with severely fragmented and isolated subpopulations distributed inapproximately 16 localities. In Portugal, despite occurring in small areas, populations are sometimesdense. In general, most subpopulations of this species are significantly disconnected with very little tono exchange and suspected to have reached no viable level because of their ecological dependence onhabitats with very poor sandy wet soils, which are currently in decline due to changes in the nature ofthe soil and water as a result of the increasing use of fertilizers in intensive agricultural practices andother ongoing human activities such as livestock overgrazing and tourist development.Current Population Trend:  DecreasingHabitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)This plant inhabits temporary pools, where it is mostly found on sandy soils with an impermeableunderlayer, a habitat poor in nutrients and with little mineralization.Systems:  Terrestrial, FreshwaterUse and TradeThis taxon is not utilized.Threats (see Appendix for additional information)The main threats to this species are habitat degradation and destruction, particularly due to thedevelopment of new intensive agricultural practices since 1980s such as the use of fertilizers, pesticides,agricultural effluents, sedimentation and infrastructures, which affect greatly the habitat of this species.Other important threats to the species are livestock ranching and overgrazing and the development oftouristic infrastructures within its distributional range. Also in a global context, the increased effect ofdroughts due to processes associated to climate change is expected to represent a significant threat inthe future.Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)This species occurs in several protected areas (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2017). Most of the population ofthis species occurs in habitat designated as priority under the European Habitats Directive (EEC -European Economic Community 1992). In Spain, this species is protected at regional level under the designation of “taxa of special interest” byDecreto 33/1998, de 5 de mayo de1998, in Comunidad de Castilla-La Mancha. It is also included in theRegional Red List of the Andalusia region as DD by (Cabezudo et al. 2005).Studies oriented to survey the potential occurrence of this species also in North Africa are suggested,since the same kind of habitat is also present. Research studies for evaluating trends and threats to its© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en3population, as well as the ecological requirements of this species are also advised. Other recommendedconservation actions include legislation development at national and sub-national level, habitatprotection, site management and ex-situ conservation.CreditsAssessor(s): García Murillo, P.G., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga i Arquimbau,P.Reviewer(s): García, N. & Allen, D.J.Contributor(s): Rodriguez Merino, A., Fernandez Zamudio, R. & Alcázar Montañez, E.Facilitators(s) andCompiler(s):Barrios, V.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en4BibliographyAnthos. 2015. Sistema de información sobre las plantas de España. Madrid; Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC -Fundación Biodiversidad Available at: http://www.anthos.es.Cabezudo, B., Talavera, S., Blanca, G., Salazar, C., Cueto, M., Valdés, B., Hernandez Bermejo, J.E., Herrera,C.M., Rodriguez Hiraldo, C. and Navas, D. 2005. Lista Roja de la Flora Vascular de Andalucía. Consejeriade Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.EEC. 1992. The Habitats Directive - Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992. European EconomicCommunity. Official Journal of the European Communities.Fernandez Carvajal, MC. 1977. Juncus emmanuelis Fernandes & Garcia en la Peninsula Iberica. AnalesInstituto Botanico Cavanilles 34(1): 125-131.IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.(Accessed: 28 June 2018).IUCN and UNEP-WCMC. 2017. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA).www.protectedplanet.net. Cambridge, UK Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.Romero-Zarco, C. 2010. Juncus L. In: Talavera, S., Gallego, M.J., Romero Zarco, C. and Herrero, A. (eds),Flora Iberica, pp. 123-187. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid.Sociedade Portuguesa de Botânica. 2012-2014. Flora-On. Available at: http://www.flora-on.pt/index.php#. (Accessed: July 2015).CitationGarcía Murillo, P.G., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga i Arquimbau, P. 2018. Juncusemmanuelis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13164423A18614355.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.enDisclaimerTo make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.External ResourcesFor Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en5AppendixHabitats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Habitat Season Suitability MajorImportance?5. Wetlands (inland) -> 5.8. Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/IntermittentFreshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)Resident Suitable YesThreats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score11. Climate change & severe weather -> 11.2.DroughtsFuture Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.4. ScaleUnknown/UnrecordedOngoing Majority (50-90%)Rapid declines Mediumimpact: 7Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming& ranching -> 2.3.1. Nomadic grazingOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming& ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching orfarmingOngoing Majority (50-90%)Slow, significantdeclinesMediumimpact: 6© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en6Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other6. Human intrusions & disturbance -> 6.1.Recreational activitiesOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other7. Natural system modifications -> 7.3. Otherecosystem modificationsOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other9. Pollution -> 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents ->9.3.1. Nutrient loadsOngoing Majority (50-90%)Rapid declines Mediumimpact: 7Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other9. Pollution -> 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents ->9.3.2. Soil erosion, sedimentationOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other9. Pollution -> 9.3. Agricultural & forestry effluents ->9.3.3. Herbicides and pesticidesOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.7. Reduced reproductive success2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. Other© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en79. Pollution -> 9.4. Garbage & solid waste Ongoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.3. Indirect ecosystem effects2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.8. OtherConservation Actions in Place(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Conservation Actions in PlaceIn-Place Land/Water Protection and ManagementOccur in at least one PA: YesConservation Actions Needed(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Conservation Actions Needed1. Land/water protection -> 1.2. Resource & habitat protection2. Land/water management -> 2.1. Site/area management3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.2. Genome resource bank5. Law & policy -> 5.1. Legislation -> 5.1.2. National level5. Law & policy -> 5.1. Legislation -> 5.1.3. Sub-national levelResearch Needed(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Research Needed1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends1. Research -> 1.3. Life history & ecology1. Research -> 1.5. Threats3. Monitoring -> 3.1. Population trends3. Monitoring -> 3.4. Habitat trendsAdditional Data Fields© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en8DistributionEstimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 284Continuing decline in area of occupancy (AOO): YesExtreme fluctuations in area of occupancy (AOO): UnknownEstimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 55951Continuing decline in extent of occurrence (EOO): UnknownContinuing decline in number of locations: YesExtreme fluctuations in the number of locations: UnknownLower elevation limit (m): 0Upper elevation limit (m): 200PopulationContinuing decline of mature individuals: UnknownExtreme fluctuations: NoPopulation severely fragmented: YesHabitats and EcologyContinuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat: Yes© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en9The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2008: T13164423A18614355Scope: Global & MediterraneanLanguage: EnglishThe IUCN Red List PartnershipThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global SpeciesProgramme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic GardensConservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Juncus emmanuelis – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en10

Juncus emmanuelis

http://dspace.uevora.pt/rdpc/bitstream/10174/25169/1/10.2305_IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13164423A18614355.en.pdf

Juncus emmanuelis

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora