This species is endemic to southern France and eastern Spain. It is assessed as Least Concern because it has a widespread distribution, occurs in several protected areas throughout its range and its population is not expected to significantly decline in the near future. Further studies on the genetic structure of its population and trends in population size at global level are needed

Carapeto, André

Fraga i Arquimbau, Pere

García Murillo, Pablo

Pinto-Cruz, Carla

Ríos Ruiz, Sara

Vela, Erol

English

Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2008: T13146983A18614100Scope: Global & MediterraneanLanguage: EnglishNarcissus dubius, Narcisse DouteuxAssessment by: Véla, E., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., García Murillo, P.G., RíosRuiz, S. & Fraga i Arquimbau, P.View on www.iucnredlist.orgCitation: Véla, E., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., García Murillo, P.G., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga i Arquimbau,P. 2018. Narcissus dubius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13146983A18614100.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.enCopyright: © 2018 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural ResourcesReproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior writtenpermission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCNSpecies Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona StateUniversity; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us withfeedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™TaxonomyKingdom Phylum Class Order FamilyPlantae Tracheophyta Liliopsida Asparagales AmaryllidaceaeTaxon Name:  Narcissus dubius GouanSynonym(s):• Hermione dubia (Gouan) Haw.Common Name(s):• French: Narcisse Douteux• Spanish: JunquilloTaxonomic Source(s):Euro+Med. 2014. Euro+Med Plantbase. Berlin-Dahlem Available at:http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/query.asp. (Accessed: 25 March 2014).Taxonomic Notes:This species presents hybridization with Narcissus assoanus, named N. x pujolii, in the southern areas ofits distribution range, e.g. in the Region of Murcia, Spain (S. Ríos Ruiz pers. comm. 2015).Assessment InformationRed List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1Year Published: 2018Date Assessed: January 14, 2015Justification:This species is endemic to southern France and eastern Spain. It is assessed as Least Concern because ithas a widespread distribution, occurs in several protected areas throughout its range and its populationis not expected to significantly decline in the near future. Further studies on the genetic structure of itspopulation and trends in population size at global level are needed.Geographic RangeRange Description:This is Mediterranean species endemic to southern France and eastern Spain. In Spain it occurs mainlynear littoral areas, ranging from Girona Province to the Region of Murcia (Aedo 2013), with a fewisolated subpopulations along the Ebro River Valley, in the area of Litera, Monegros and the MiddleEbro. Occasionally, it is also found in the Aragonese and Catalonian Pre-Pyrenees and the Region ofCastilla-La Mancha (Casas et al. 2010). In France it occurs near coastal areas in the south of the country,ranging from the Region of Provence-Alpes-Cotê-de-Azur to the Region of Languedoc-Roussillon(Association Tela Botanica 2014).© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en1Country Occurrence:Native: France (France (mainland)); Spain (Spain (mainland))© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en2Distribution MapNarcissus dubius© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en3PopulationAlthough population sizes and their genetic structure are still unknown, this species appears to becommon in some parts of its geographic range, especially in areas such as Valencia Autonomous regionin Spain, which concentrates most of the records for this plant (Anthos 2014). In Spain, this speciesappears to be less common in the regions of Murcia, Aragon, Catalonia and Castilla-La Mancha,although several subpopulations with hundreds of individuals are known (D. Guzmán Otano and J. JuanVicedo pers. obs. 2014). In France the species appears to be frequent in the regions of Provence andLanguedoc-Roussilon, with more than 59 records, corresponding to 50 localities, reported (Véla 2002,Association Tela Botanica 2014).  The current population trend is unknown, although some subpopulations may have gone locally extinct,especially near the coast of Valencia in Spain, due to significant urban development in the last decades.Current Population Trend:  UnknownHabitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)This plant is a bulbous geophyte with one to seven white flowers that bloom in late winter and earlyspring. It occurs on Mediterranean shrubland (garrigue), perennial mesophytic grasslands of Stipatenacissima, and rocks and cliff faces on alkaline and rocky soils generally originated from limestone(Aedo 2013, Casas et al. 2010). This species presents mainly a coastal distribution, with some isolatedsubpopulations up to La Rioja, along the catchment of the Ebro River in Spain.Systems:  TerrestrialUse and TradeDue to its ornamental interest, this species is cultivated and international bulb trading has beenreported, although the value and quantity is unknown. There is a potential for harvest of wild bulbs,although no information is available at present about the impact of that practice.Also, the increasing interest in the galanthamine-related alkaloid content of Narcissus species forpharmaceutical purposes (Berkov et al. 2014), may increase bulb harvesting in wild populations in thefuture.Threats (see Appendix for additional information)The main threat to this species is urban and touristic development, especially in areas near thecoastline. Land use changes and the abandonment of traditional land management practices, inparticular livestock grazing, are reducing the abundance of this species due to the transformation ofgrasslands into scrubland and forest (Casas et al. 2010). The intensification of agricultural areas incertain parts of its distribution range (e.g. in the Region of Aragon) may represent a local threat (D.Guzmán Otano and J. Juan Vicedo pers. comm. 2014). In Alicante, the introduced Opuntia spp. is acompetitor for the space (S. Ríos Ruiz pers. comm. 2015).The increasing interest in the galanthamine-related alkaloid content of the Amaryllidaceae species forpharmaceutical purposes (Berkov et al. 2014) may represent a threat in the near future, since there is© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en4no possibility of industrial synthesis of these bioactive substances and only natural sources can beexploited, which may led to bulb harvesting in wild populations.Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)This species occurs in several protected areas throughout its distribution range, including natural parksand Natura 2000 sites (IUCN and UNEP-WCMC 2017). The plant is strictly protected by regionallegislation in Catalonia through Decreto 172/2008 (DOGC 2008) and is considered a taxon of specialinterest taxon in the Region of Murcia through Decreto 50/2003 (BORM 2003). Ex situ conservationactions include seed conservation in the Torretes Botanical Garden Genebank and other Institutions,and plant growing in living collections in the Torretes Botanical Garden (D. Guzmán Otano and J. JuanVicedo pers. comm. 2014).In France, the plant is protected against collection from the wild (INPN-MNHN 2003-2017).Further research regarding population size and trends, and genetic structure, is needed.CreditsAssessor(s): Véla, E., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., García Murillo, P.G., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga iArquimbau, P.Reviewer(s): Allen, D.J. & García, N.Contributor(s): Guzmán Otano, D., Juan Vicedo, J. & Alcázar Montañez, E.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en5BibliographyAedo, C. 2013. Narcissus L. In: Talavera, S., Andrés, C., Arista, M., Fernández Piedra, M.P., Rico, E.,Crespo, M.B., Quintanar, A., Herrero, A. and Aedo, C. (eds), Flora Ibérica, pp. 340-397. Consejo Superiorde Investigaciones Cientificas / Real Jardín Botánico, Madrid.Anthos. 2014. Sistema de información sobre las plantas de España. Available at: http://www.anthos.es.(Accessed: 7 February 2014).Association Tela Botanica. 2014. Le reseau de la botanique francophone. Available at: http://www.tela-botanica.org/. (Accessed: 31 January 2014).Berkov, S., Martínez-Francés, V., Bastida, J., Codina, C. and Ríos, S. 2014. Evolution of alkaloidbiosynthesis in the genus Narcissus. Phytochemistry 99: 95-106.BORM. 2003. Decreto n.° 50/ 2003 por el que se crea el Catálogo Regional de Flora Silvestre Protegida.Casas, J., Ramírez, J.E., Ríos, S., Juan, J., Martínez-Francés, V., Laguna, E., Rivera, D., Alcaraz, F., Verde, A.,Fajardo, J. and Carreño, E. 2010. Endemic species of Narcissus in Central Spain: Biodiversity andconservation under grazing pressure by wild and domestic herbivorous. In: Porqueddu, C. and Ríos, S.(eds), The contributions of grasslands to the conservation of Mediterranean biodiversity 92: 79-83.Alicante (Spain).DOGC. 2008. Decreto 172/2008, de 26 de agosto, de creación del Catálogo de lora amenazada deCataluña. Generalitat de Cataluña, Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Vivienda. pp. 65881-65895.INPN-MNHN. 2003-2017. Réglementation de la cueillette de certaines espèces végétales sauvages entout temps et sur tout le territoire du département du Lot : Article 2. Available at:https://inpn.mnhn.fr/reglementation/protection/listeEspecesParArrete/676. (Accessed: July 2017).IUCN. 2018. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2018-1. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.(Accessed: 28 June 2018).IUCN and UNEP-WCMC. 2017. The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA).www.protectedplanet.net. Cambridge, UK Available at: www.protectedplanet.net.Véla, E. 2002. Biodiversité des milieux ouverts en région méditerranéenne: le cas de la végétation despelouses sèches du Lubéron (Provence calcaire). Ecologie, Université d’Aix-Marseille III.CitationVéla, E., Carapeto, A., Pinto Cruz, C., García Murillo, P.G., Ríos Ruiz, S. & Fraga i Arquimbau, P. 2018.Narcissus dubius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T13146983A18614100.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.enDisclaimerTo make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.External ResourcesFor Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en6AppendixHabitats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Habitat Season Suitability MajorImportance?3. Shrubland -> 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation Resident Suitable Yes4. Grassland -> 4.4. Grassland - Temperate Resident Suitable Yes0. Root -> 6. Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks) Resident Suitable NoThreats(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.1.Housing & urban areasOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation1. Residential & commercial development -> 1.3.Tourism & recreation areasOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.4. ScaleUnknown/UnrecordedOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming& ranching -> 2.3.4. Scale Unknown/UnrecordedOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation5. Biological resource use -> 5.2. Gathering terrestrialplants -> 5.2.1. Intentional use (species is the target)Future Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality7. Natural system modifications -> 7.3. Otherecosystem modificationsOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation8. Invasive and other problematic species, genes &diseases -> 8.1. Invasive non-native/alienspecies/diseases -> 8.1.1. Unspecified speciesOngoing Unknown Unknown UnknownStresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.3. Indirect species effects ->2.3.2. Competition© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en7Conservation Actions in Place(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Conservation Actions in PlaceIn-Place Land/Water Protection and ManagementOccur in at least one PA: YesIn-Place Species ManagementSubject to ex-situ conservation: YesResearch Needed(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)Research Needed1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trendsAdditional Data FieldsDistributionEstimated area of occupancy (AOO) (km²): 736Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 267154Lower elevation limit (m): 0Upper elevation limit (m): 1350PopulationContinuing decline of mature individuals: Unknown© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en8The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ISSN 2307-8235 (online)IUCN 2008: T13146983A18614100Scope: Global & MediterraneanLanguage: EnglishThe IUCN Red List PartnershipThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global SpeciesProgramme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic GardensConservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Narcissus dubius – published in 2018.http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T13146983A18614100.en9

Narcissus dubius, Narcisse Douteux

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Narcissus dubius, Narcisse Douteux

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