This study investigated students’ motivation in speaking through Contextual Teaching Learning at a Junior High School in Jampang Kulon, West Java. The procedures of action research (plan, act, observe, reflect, and revise) were used to investigate the participants’ learning activities and motivation. The study was conducted in two cycles involving two on-site English teachers. Data were collected through the teacher’s journal, observers’ sheets, students’ diaries, and questionnaires.  The results of the research indicated that students’ motivation in speaking could be improved through activating the students’ needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Finally, the results of the study are expected to have a contribution to developing students to be motivated language learners

Shabir, M

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  viiTABLE OF CONTENT  APPROVAL SHEET .................................................................. .ii DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ...................................... iii PREFACE  ................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................... v ABSTRACT  ................................................................................  vi TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................. vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION  ............................................. ..1 1.1. Background of the Study ................................................... ..1 1.2. Identification of the Problems  .......................................... ..2 1.3. Aims and Research Questions ........................................... ..3 1.4. Significance of the Study .................................................. ..4 1.5. Organization of the Thesis ................................................ ..4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................. ..6       2.1. Motivation ......................................................................... ..6        2.1.1. Definition .....................................................................  .6        2.1.2. Self-Determination ....................................................... ..8           2.1.2.1. Extrinsic Motivation............................................... ..8           2.1.2.2. Instinct Motivation ................................................. ..9             2.1.2.2.1. Competence Needs ............................................ 10             2.1.2.2.2. Relatedness Needs ............................................. 11             2.1.2.2.3 Autonomy Needs ................................................ 12      2.2. Contextual Teaching Learning  ......................................... 13         2.2.1. Definition of CTL ........................................................ 14        2.2.2. Historical Roots of CTL ............................................... 14        2.2.3. Principles of CTL ......................................................... 15          2.2.3.1. Self-Regulated Learning ......................................... 16          2.2.3.2. Teaching and Learning in Diverse Context ............ 17          2.2.3.3. Teaching and Learning in Multiple-Context ........... 18   viii          2.2.3.4. Using Problem-Based Learning .............................. 19          2.2.3.5. Using Independent Learning Groups ...................... 19          2.2.3.6. Using Authentic Assessment .................................. 20         2.2.4. Approaches for Implementing CTL ............................ 21      2.3. Motivational Indicators ..................................................... 22      2.4. Speaking ............................................................................ 24        2.4.1. Speaking as Interaction ................................................ 24        2.4.2. Speaking as Transaction ............................................... 25        2.4.3. Speaking as Performance ............................................. 26        2.4.4. Speaking in the Curriculum ......................................... 28      2.5. Concluding Remarks  ........................................................ 28 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .......................................... 30      3.1. Research Design ................................................................ 30      3.2. Participants ........................................................................ 32      3.3. Data Collection and Analysis ............................................ 33        3.3.1. Data Collection............................................................. 33        3.3.2. Data Analysis ............................................................... 33      3.5. Time and Procedures ......................................................... 34 CHAPTER IV: DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS ..................... 36      4.1. Data Presentation and Analysis for Cycle I ...................... 36        4.1.1. Planning ....................................................................... 36        4.1.2. Action and Observation ............................................... 37          4.1.2.1. Individual Study ...................................................... 37          4.1.2.2. Pair Work Discussion .............................................. 42          4.1.2.3. Group Work ............................................................ 45          4.1.2.4. Whole Class Discussion .......................................... 48          4.1.2.5. Writing Session ....................................................... 50        4.1.3. Reflection ..................................................................... 52           4.1.3.1. Planning ................................................................. 52           4.1.3.2. Action and Observation: Individual Work ............. 53   ix          4.1.3.3. Action and Observation: Pair Work ....................... .55           4.1.3.4. Action and Observation: Group Work ................... .57           4.1.3.5. Action and Observation: Class Discussion ............ .58           4.1.3.6. Action and Observation: Writing Session .............. .60        4.1.4. Revision ....................................................................... .66           4.1.4.1. Planning ................................................................. .66           4.1.4.2. Action and Observation ......................................... .67             4.1.4.2.1. Individual Work ................................................ .67             4.1.4.2.2. Pair Work .......................................................... .68             4.1.4.2.3. Group Work ...................................................... .68             4.1.4.2.4. Class discussion ................................................ .68             4.1.4.2.5. Writing Session ................................................. .69      4.2. Data Presentation and Analysis for Cycle II ..................... .86        4.2.1. Planning ....................................................................... .86        4.2.2. Action and Observation ............................................... .86          4.2.2.1. Individual Study ...................................................... .70          4.2.2.2 Pair Work Study ....................................................... .74          4.2.2.3. Group Work  ........................................................... .76          4.2.2.4. Class Discussion  .................................................... .79          4.2.2.5. Writing Session ....................................................... .81          4.2.3. Reflection ....................................................................  81           4.2.3.1. Planning .................................................................  82           4.2.3.2. Action and Observation .........................................  83             4.2.3.2.1. Individual Work ................................................  83             4.2.3.2.2. Pair Work ..........................................................  84             4.2.3.2.3. Group Work ......................................................  84             4.2.3.2.4. Class Discussion ...............................................  85         4.2.4. Revision ...................................................................... .92      4.3. Findings ............................................................................. .92 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION .................................................. .95 5.1. Conclusions ............................................................................ .95   x 5.2 Implications ............................................................................. ..96 5.3. Suggestions ............................................................................ ..97 References .................................................................................... ..98 Appendices  .................................................................................. 107 Apendix 1    Students’ Diaries ...................................................... 107 Apendix 2    Teacher’s Diary ........................................................ 108 Apendix 3    Observers’ Diaries .................................................... 110 Apendix 4    Questionnaires .......................................................... 112 Apendix 5    Topics of Discussion ................................................ 114 Apendix 6    Individual Work’s List ............................................. 115 Apendix 7    Pair Work’s List ....................................................... 116 Apendix 8    Group Work’s List ................................................... 117 Apendix 9    Language Enrichment............................................... 118 Apendix 10  Prepared Questions ................................................... 119 Apendix 11  Example of Presentation ........................................... 120   

ACTION RESEARCH ON IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION IN SPEAKING THROUGH CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING

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