Research has demonstrated that emotion and mood can be distinguished empirically in line with generally accepted theoretical predictions (Beedie, Lane, & Terry, 2001, Journal of Sports Sciences. 19, 69-70). Theoretically, emotion is brief and intense, whereas mood is relatively enduring and unfocused. Emotion results from, and is focused on, specific events, and signals to the individual the state of the environment in relation to goal-directed behaviour; whereas mood does not result from any specific event of which the individual is aware, and signals the state of the self in relation to existential, life issues. The consequences of emotion are mostly behavioural, whereas those of mood are mostly cognitive. Psychometrically, a clear distinction between the constructs has proven problematic, as states such as anxiety may occur as both emotions and moods.
The present study tested the factorial validity of a measure developed by Beedie et al. (2001), the Emotion and Mood Components of Anxiety Questionnaire (EMCA-Q), which is designed to provide separate indicators of emotion and mood responses . The EMCA-Q measures emotion and mood via two five-item scales of statements describing emotion (i.e., anxiety focused on particular events and goals, such as 'I am nervous about the event' and 'I am anxious about not performing well in this event') and mood (i.e., anxiety neither caused by nor focused on a particular event, such as 'I feel nervous at the moment for no particular reason' and 'at the moment I am anxious about life in general'). Participants were professional male rugby players (N = 102: Age M = 26.06 yr., SD = 3.99 yr.). Participants completed the EMCA-Q approximately 2 hours before competition
