Twice as smart? The importance of managers\u27 formative-years international experience for their international orientation and foreign acquisition decisions

Abstract

This study examined how top management team\u27s (TMT) international orientation influences perceptions of environmental uncertainty and how these perceptions impact international strategic decisions, in particular regarding ownership stakes taken in foreign acquisitions. We highlighted the need for the concept of TMT international orientation to encompass executives\u27 formative-years\u27 international experiences along with their international career experiences and nationalities. Empirical tests based on a sample of 2122 international acquisitions completed by 561 UK firms over the period 1999–2008 showed that TMT international orientation positively moderated the negative impact of cultural differences and host country risk on acquisition ownership stakes. The results underscored the importance of considering decision-makers\u27 attributes due to their experiences at a young age, beyond their demographic characteristics or professional experience, in the context of international strategic choices. We also discussed some implications of one of the possible consequences of executives\u27 formative international experience, namely biculturalism, for international business.University College DublinEconomic and Social Research Counci