Uterine leiomyoma (UL) or fibroid is the most common estrogen- dependent tumor of the reproductive system. Almost a quarter of women at reproductive age are affected with this benign tumor. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible association of IL-1β-511and IL-1β 3954 polymorphisms with UL in the women of Charmahal & Bakhtiari province of Iran. Totally, 276 patients with UL and 157 healthy control women were studied. The genetic polymorphisms for IL-1β-511and IL-1β 3954 were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. The results were analyzed with SPSS software using χ2 test. The TC genotypes of the IL-1β -511C/T polymorphism showed a decreased risk of UL (OR = 0.232, P = 0.01, 95 % CI = 0.11 - 0.48). A significant difference was found for the C allele frequencies of the IL-1 β -511 C>T polymorphism between the two groups (OR = 0.232, P = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.11 - 0.48). However, no significant difference was found for the IL-1 â -3954 polymorphism between the two groups. Our findings indicated that IL-1 â -511C>T promoter polymorphism affects the risk of UL in the women of our study and this polymorphism might be involved in the pathogens of this disease
