MiR-218 as a multifunctional regulator of oncogenic processes in different solid tumors

Abstract

MicroRNAs are highly conserved small non-coding regulatory RNAs that involve in post transcriptional regulating of gene expression during different cellular mechanisms. Aberration of miR-218 expression during tumorigenesis of different solid tumors has been reported by numerous studies. In current systematic review article, by using the terms “miR-218” and “cancer” we first searched for English language articles in the PubMed database, published from 1993 to April 2014. Then by a comprehensive review of related articles, we provided some new insights that highlight novel features and functions of miR-218 in initiation and progression of solid tumors. The majority of these studies propose a tumor suppressing role for miR-218 considering the fact that it is significantly down-regulated in tumor tissues compared with normal specimens. Despite accumulating body of evidence regarding tumor suppressor functions of miR-218 in solid tumors; more intensive reviewing about available miR-218 recent original studies and interpretation of existing data, revealed the multifunctional role of miR-218 in these kinds of malignancies by targeting different corresponding target genes. Take all together, MiR-218 targets different cellular processes in cancer cells and its expression pattern is in an important association with various states and features of tumors. It seems that miR-218 can increase the speed of cell cycle and cell division in lower sample grades and along with progression of cancer cells it's function changes to stabilization the cancer cells and not allowing them to invade. thats why it often shows up-regulation in lower grades and down-regulation in metastatic phase. Therefore, it seems of great importance to check samples stage, grade, lymph node metastasis status and other tumor features before evaluation of miR-218 as a prognostic or diagnostic biomarker. © 2016, Iranian Neurogenetics Society. All rights reserved