Baharvand-Ahmadi, Babak.

Baharvand-Ahmadi, Sara.

Bahmani, Mahmoud.

Eftekhari, Zohreh.

Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud.

Saki, Kourosh.

Zargaran, Arman.

shahrekord university of medical scinces

See	discussions,	stats,	and	author	profiles	for	this	publication	at:	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286922214Ruta	graveolens	plant:	A	plant	with	a	range	ofhigh	therapeutic	effect	called	cardiac	plantArticle		in		Der	Pharmacia	Lettre	·	December	2015CITATIONS0READS1861	author:Some	of	the	authors	of	this	publication	are	also	working	on	these	related	projects:The	effect	of	metoclopramide	addition	to	lidocaine	on	pain	of	patients	with	grades	II	and	III	post-episiotomy	repair	View	projectMahmoud	Bahmani213	PUBLICATIONS			1,621	CITATIONS			SEE	PROFILEAll	content	following	this	page	was	uploaded	by	Mahmoud	Bahmani	on	15	December	2015.The	user	has	requested	enhancement	of	the	downloaded	file.www.scholarsresearchlibrary.comt Available online a       Scholars Research Library  Der Pharmacia Lettre,  2015, 7 (11):172-173 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html)   ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4  172 Scholar Research Library Ruta graveolens plant: A plant with a range of high therapeutic effect called cardiac plant  1Babak Baharvand-Ahmadi, 2Mahmoud Bahmani, 3Arman Zargaran, 4Zohreh Eftekhari, 5Kourosh Saki, 6Sara Baharvand-Ahmadi and 7*Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei  1Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran 3Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 4Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran 5Department of Pharmacology, Debrescen University, Hungary 6Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 7Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran _____________________________________________________________________________________________  INTRODUCTION  Belonging to the family Rutaceae, Rue or Ruta graveolens L. (RG) is an evergreen shrub herb and is distributed all around the world. From the ancient times, the herb is applied for various types of disorders [1]. In Iran, RG is known as Pim or Sodab and generally grows in the northern parts as Gilan province and Rasht city [2]. Concurrent with other traditional systems of medicine, RG has been administered for numerous types of diseases in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). Avicenna, the outstanding Persian physician, believed that RG have antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antihelmintic effects and also exhibit aphrodisiac activity. In addition, this natural medicament has been administered in gastrointestinal, pulmonary and genecology disorders [3]. Later Persian scholars have recommended the herb as a vasodilator, antiflatulent, diuretic and a herb to treat amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. Moreover, leaves of RG have been applied as an appetizer, a medicament for skin disorders, sciatalgia, chill and fever, kidney stones, toxins and poisons, neurological disorders and also a flavor to control the taste and odor of syrup dosage forms [4].  The herb is also widely used in other medical systems. Chinese and Indian traditional physicians applied the herb for syncope, neuralgia, rheumatalgia and ascites. However the application has been contraindicated in abortions and pregnancies [5]. Traditional healers in some Latin America countries such as Uruguay and Mexico applied the herb for abortion and GI disorders and cardiovascular system [6-7]. The abortive effect, menstruation function and management of dyspepsia in veterinary medicines are also other applications of RG in some countries or states such as Trinidad, Tobago and British Colombia of Canada [8]. Furthermore, African traditional practitioners have used RG dry leaves for urinary ailments, diabetes, headache, and GI disorders and cardiovascular system [9]. British and Denmark traditional medicines report the antirheumatic, tranquilizing and memory enhancing effects and cardiovascular disorders of the herb [10-11].  With reference to current knowledge, RG showed antitumor activity against Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA), Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and L929 cells (IC100 = 16 mg/ml) which may be related to prooxidant and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities of the extract [12]. The extract has also evaluated in some neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis which was found effective [13]. Additionally, the genus, Ruta has shown Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei et al  Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2015, 7 (11):172-173 ______________________________________________________________________________ 173 Scholar Research Library hypnotic, anticonvulsant and anti-anxiety properties [14] and also could inhibit and destroy the growth of cancer cells [15]. The herb also possessed analgesic, anti-inflammatory and moderate antimicrobial activities [16-17]. In the field of cardiology, RG revealed to have hypotensive activity as well as inotropic and chronotropic effects in animal models [18]. The antifertility effects of RG roots, leaves and stem were assessed intragastrically and resulted in the respective activity [19]. In an animal study and compared to the control group, RG aqueous extract reduced the count of spermatocytes and spermatids at a dose of 500 mg/kg for 60 days [20].  Different parts of RG plant contain numerous secondary metabolites such as glycosides, quinoline alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, furanocoumarins, hydroxycoumarins, and hydrocarbons [21-23].  Despite all these pharmacological and clinical properties, RG may cause photosensitization and photodermatosis due to furanocoumarins as well as gastric inflammation, hypothermia and metritis [2]. The herb also is forbidden in pregnancy due to epigastric pain, vomiting, liver and kidney damage, tremor and spasm [24]. Medicinal herbs are always a source to treat diseases such as cardiovascular, nervous  and ect[25-27].  REFERENCES  [1] R Kannan, UV Babu. Anc Sci Life. 2012; 32(1): 16-19.  [2] A Zargari. Tehran University Press. 1996: 464 – 7. [3] A Avicenna. Soroush press. 1997: 249 - 51. [4] MH Aghili Khorasani Shirazi. Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Sahba Press. 1992: 450-451. [5] H Mirheydar. Islamic Cultuer Publishing office. 1992: 203-207. [6] C Ciganda, A Laborde. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003; 41(3): 235-239. [7] F Calzada, L Yepez-Mulia, A Aguilar. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 108(3): 367-370.  [8] Lans C, Turner N, Khan T, Brauer G. Vet Parasitol. 2007; 148(3-4): 325-340.  [9] TS Thring, FM Weitz. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 103(2): 261-275.  [10] A Waldstein. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 108(2): 299-310.  [11] A Adsersen, B Gauguin, L Gudiksen, AK Jager. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 104(3): 418-422.  [12] KC Preethi, G Kuttan, R Kuttan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006; 7(3): 439-443. [13] EW Bethge, KH Bohuslavizki, W Hansel, A Kneip, E Koppenhofer. Gen Physiol Biophys. 1991; 10(3): 225-244. [14] ME Gonzalez-Trujano, D Carrera, R Ventura-Martinez, E Cedillo-Portugal, A Navarrete. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 106(1): 129-135.  [15] S Pathak, AS Multani, P Banerji. Int J Oncol. 2003; 23(4): 975-982. [16] NS Alzoreky, K Nakahara. Int J Food Microbiol. 2003; 80(3): 223-230. [17] AH Atta, A Alkofahi. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998; 60(2): 117-124. [18] KW Chiu, AY Fung. Gen Pharmacol. 1997; 29(5): 859-862. [19] YC Kong, CP Lau, KH Wat, KH Ng, PP But, KF Cheng, PG Waterman. Planta Med. 1989; 55(2): 176-178. [20] NA Khouri, Z El-Akawi. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005; 26(6): 823-829. [21] EE Stashenko, R Acosta, JR Martinez. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 2000; 43(1-3): 379-390. [22] RF Weiss, V Fintelman. Thieme. 2000: 181-330. [23] S Milesi, B Massot, E Gontier, F Bourgaud, A Guckert. Plant Science. 2001; 161(1): 189-199. [24] Staff TP. PDR for Herbal Medicines: Thomson PDR. 2004. [25] B Baharvand , M Esmailidehaj, J Alihosaini, SH Bajoovand, S Esmailidehaj. Iranian Biomedical Journal 2016; 20(1): 41-48. [26] M Bahmani, A Sarrafchi , H Shirzad , M Rafieian-Kopaei. Curr Pharm Des. 2015 Nov 12. [27] A Sarrafchi, M Bahmani, H Shirzad, M Rafieian-Kopaei. Curr Pharm Des. 2015 Nov 12.   View publication stats

Ruta graveolens plant: A plant with a range of high therapeutic effect called cardiac plant

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