A total of 61 specimens of Heterotis niloticus were evaluated by linear regression and correlation. The specimens had mean standard length of 27.09 plus or minus 4.73cm, total length of 33-49cm, mean weight of 2445,108.3g, mean snout length of 48 plus or minus 0.86cm, mean eye diameter of 1.30 plus or minus 0.15cm, mean head length of 6.29 plus or minus 1.75cm. There was a strong relationship between the length and the weight, the eye diameter and the standard length, snout length and the standard length, head length and the standard length, snout length and the weight, head length and the weight (P0.05). The growth pattern analysis depicts that the growth was negatively allometric with a b value of 1.1

Bake, G.G.

Sadiku, S.O.E.

Aquatic Commons

515
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BASIC IVIORPHOMETRIC MEASU IEWIENTS AND G OWTH
PATTERN OF HETEROTIS NILOTICUS FROM KIVER KA UNA FLOOD "'LAIN
*BAKE,G.G &S.O.E SADIKU.
Department of Fisheries Technology, Federal University of Techno/ogy, P.M.B. 65, J/;:. :0.3
ABSTRACT
61 specimens of heterotis niloticus were evaluated by linear regression and correlation. The
specimens had mean standard length of 27,69 _t 4 73 cm. total length of 33 49cm. mean weight
of 244.5 708.3g, mean snout length of 48.4- 0.86cm, mean eye diameter of 1.301- 0.15cm, mean
head length of 6.29± 1.75cm. There was a strong relationship between the length and the weight,
the eye diameter and the standard length, snout length and the standard length, head length and
the standard length, ,snout length and the weight, head length and the weight (P<0.05). But the
correlation of the eye diameters and the weight was insignificant. (P-50 05). The growth pattern
analysis depicts that the growth was negatively allometric with a b value of 1.16.
INTRODUCTION
Materials and methods
A total of 61 specimens of Heterotis niloiticus of various sizes were obtained from the
flood plains of river Kaduna between June October 2001 a period of 20 weeks using gill nets,
sampling was done once a month. Biometric measurements were taken and specimens were
eviscerated.
The following morphemetric feature of the Heterotis niloticus (total length standard length,
head measured with the aid of a measuring ruler, a mathematic. set divider, the weight of the fish
was taken the length of girt and intensities where taken with gut was taken by using electrical
sensitive balance the scale counting was done with aid of a divider.
Linear regression was employed to determine the type of relationship between any given
pairs of variables and their linear equation. Correlation analysis was used to ascertain the
significance of these relationship. A derivative of length weight study is the ponderal index
denoted as
K= we x 100
Where w = weight (g) L = standard length (cm)
Results
Basic Biometric of Heterotis Nilotieus
The result of the biometrics of Heterotia nilotiens specimens examined provides the
following information the standard length of this specimen ranged from 21-45cm with a
corresponding body weight ranging from 90-900g
Morphometric Measurement Heterotis Niloticus
The result of the morphometric measurement of Heterotis niloticus specimen examined
provides the following information. The south length ranged from 42-8.4cm with-a mean standard
deviation of x = 1.30 + 0.15 while the head length ranges between 4-9cm with a mean deviation
of 6.29± 1.75.
.:Z.LATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS STANDARD LENGTH
EYE DI METER RELATIONSHIP
Eye diameter was regressed against standard length as shown in fig 1. it was observed
that there was a very strong positive interrelationship between the eye diameter and the standard
length as correlation co-efficient r was 0.26 and significant (P<0.005) increase in length was
assoc ated with increase in eye diameter.
STANDARD LENGTH SNOUT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
Snout length was regressed against the standard length as shown fig 2 it was observed
that there was a relationship between the snout length and the standard length as correlation
co-efficient was 0.07 and significance (P<0.05). increase / or length was associated with
increase in head length.
WEIGHT SNOUT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
The snout length was regressed against the weight is shown in fig 4. It was observed that
there was a strong relationship between the snouts length and the weight as correlation. Co-
efficient r was 0.64 and was significant (P< 0.05) increase in weight was associated with an
increase in snout length.
MFiNIEIT - HEAD LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
The head length was regressed against the weight as show in fig 5 it was observed that
there was a strong positive relationship between the head, length and the weight. Correlation co-
efficient r was 0.1 and was significant (P<0.05).
EIGHT EYE DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP
Eye diameter was regressed against the weight as shown in fig 6. it was observed that
there was no relationship between the eye diameter and the weight correlation co-efficient r was
0.01 hence in significant (P<0.05)
516
Measurement Range (cm) Mean Standard Deviation
Snout length 4.2-8.4 48 ± 0.86
Eye diameter 1 - 1.7 1.30 +10.15
Head length 4-9 6. 29±1.75
Standard length 21 -45 27. 09 ±4. 73
Weight 90 - 900 244. 5 ±108. 3
Body depth 2.4-5.6 5.42 + 2.25
Body girth 5-7.5 ' 6.17 + 0.95
Table 1
RANGE AND THE MEAN STA DARD DEVIATION OF THE BIOMETRICS MEASUREMENTS
LENGTH WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND GROWTH PATTERN OF HETEROTIS NILOTICUS
The condition and growth of the fish were derived from the length and weight
measbrement of the specimens. Log weight was regressed against log length as shown in table 2
Growth in fish is exponential as described by equation Y = axb (Huxley 1933 and written
1992). Linearised as log U = loga ÷ Log, (Le cren, 1951) It was observed that the growth of
Heterotis niloticus was negatively allometric with b value 1.16 (Ricker 1970). There was a very
strong interrelationship between the length condition factor otherwise calied ponderal index
denoted as k i the 'measure of fish condition; which reflects phvsiological condition of the fish. )1
tne
Table 2
Showing the range and mean standard deviation, coeffic ent of ,,ariation ot the vveight, standard
length and the condition factor (K) of Hetorotis niloticus.
DISCUSSION
From the result of the basic morphometric measurement of the 61 Heterotis niloticus
specimens examined, it was observed that the fish must have the ability to grow big, hence can
be a fast growing fish. A broad spectrum of the fish sizes was examined as evident in the
significant, co-efficient variation of the standard length, weight and condition factor table.
Data analysis of the length weight relationship gave useful information concerning the
growth and body physiology of the fish. Growth was described as the change in the absolute
weight (energy content) or length of fish over time (Wooten 1992). While Sadiku (1991)
summarized growth as a function of fish size. Wootten (1992) reported that fish grow in length as
well in bulk. Linear re regression of log standard length and log weight gave useful co-efficient of
regression "b" is 3.0 is isometric below this is negative allometric and above it is only positive.
The growth of Heterotis Niloticus of River Kaduna flood plains is negatively allometric with "b"
value of 1.16 this means that the length growth weight is faster than body weight growth rate.
Biometric analysis of body parts shows the following, eye diameter regressed against the
standard length gave a positively linear correlation. This means that for an increase in length,
there was also an increase in the eye diameter. When the snout length was regressed against the
standard length, there was a strong positive correlation. This correlation was significant hence, it
was observed that an increase in the length of the fish also leads to an increase. In the snout
length the head length also showed a strong positive correlation when regressed against the
standard length. Hence an increase in the length was associated with the increase with head
length from the above analysis it can be said that for any increase in size could be associated to
all part of the fish. This agrees with the theory of proportionality of growth state of the organism.
7
ange Mi-SD Coefficient of \lari:;.ic.;-!Ti
'Standard length (cm) 21 -25 27. 09 -±4. 73 17.46
Weight (g) 90-90 244. 5 ±108. 3 44.29
Condi ion factor (k) 0.11 -2.75 i 1.15 -±0.47 40.87
The above statement cannot be said of the weight of the fish, the snout length gave a positive
strong linear relationship between the snout length and the weight, this show that for any increase
in weight there is also an increases in the 'snout length. The head length also Show a strong
positive relationship with the weight when regressed against the weight. This means that for
increase in the weight of the fish the head length must also increase. When the eye diameter was
regressed against the weight it was negative and in significant meaning that weight as no any
relationship with the eye diameter.
C*ncusioi
In conclusion the study of the biometrics shows that there is a proportionate growth
reflecting a good physiological growth of the fish The growth of Heterotic niloticus of River
Kad una flood plain is negatively allometi ic, which is the normal growth pattern of the fish.
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51,,


Relationship between the basic morphometric measurements and growth pattern of Heterotis niloticus from River Kaduna floodplain

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