Two types mechanisms that control gene expression involve cis-regulatory factors and trans-regulatory factors. Cis-acting regulatory RNAs include targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) specificity and AU-rich elements (AREs). AU-rich mRNAs are a subcategory of mRNAs that have AREs in their 3'-Untranslated Regions (UTRs). These ARE-genes have been observed to correlate with rapid mRNA decay patterns. They comprise approximately 12% of all transcripts and are known to encode for a group of proteins that have involvement in the inflammatory response. Trans-acting regulatory mechanisms are micro RNAs (miRNAs) in eukaryotes, and small RNAs (sRNA) in prokaryotes. Misregulation of these mechanisms can lead to many disease states if rapid mRNA decay does not occur, leading to tumorigenesis, and eventually, different types of cancer. In this project, the TNF-α ARE was studied in both serum-positive and quiescent G0 conditions in order to analyze whether the translation of the gene differed in any respect due to the binding of a known miRNA called miR-130a. Additionally, both serum-positive and one-day serum-starved quiescent G0 conditions were analyzed for eIF5B and FXR1 levels to analyze whether there was a correlation between the two proteins
