Potential improvement of the salutary effect of organic dairy milk by forage species and by supplementation

Gustavsson, A.-M.

English

Organic Eprints

1Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seOrganic milk:• Differs from conventional milk:• Higher proportion of forages in the ration• Higher proportion of legumes and other herbs (not so much grass)• No mineral fertilizer – crude protein concentration may be lower or higher depending on the proportion of legumes• Limited knowledge of the chemical and sensory characteristicsOrganic milk is more and differently affected by forage than conventional milk.Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.sePhytoMilkPotential improvement of the salutary effect of organic dairy milk by forage species and by supplementationAnne-Maj Gustavsson, SLU, SwedenAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seCommon use of research facilitiesCommon use of research facilitiesField experimentFeeding experimentsFeeding experimentsCannulated cowsAnalytical labIn vitro human cell bioactivityField experimentsOn farm studiesField experimentSilage experimentAll analysis in one lab to ensure less bias according to different labs and lab methodsAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seWe have studied the whole chain• Forage crop and environmental conditions • Silage preservation• Different milk production systems• Cannulated cows• Milk properties• Shelf stability (oxidation stability)• Bioactive components and biological activity• Human healthAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.se”There is a number of ingredients in milk that may be salutary (healthy)”Bioactive components are for example:• Fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, CLA)• Vitamins• Carotenoids (Vitamin A)• Tocopherols (Vitamin E) • Phytoestrogens (e.g lignans; isoflavenoids)• Endogenous hormones and growth factors (eg. estradiol, IGF-I and TGF-β)• Se - low content in organic Nordic milk – very little in the soil2-3 main resultsTake home messagesAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.se2Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.se”There is a number of ingredients in milk that may be salutary (healthy)”Bioactive components are for example:• Fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6, CLA)• Vitamins• Carotenoids (Vitamin A)• Tocopherols (Vitamin E) • Phytoestrogens (e.g lignans; isoflavenoids)• Endogenous hormones and growth factors (eg. estradiol, IGF-I and TGF-β)•S e - low content in organic Nordic milk – very little in the soilPUFAAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seWe have not analysed all data yet with full statistical modelsPhD students 4 years - We have fundings for three years :Annika Höjer - have one year left  - will have her dissertation in October 2012Steffen Adler - has become a father – have parental leave for 6 month – will have his dissertation in 2012Phytoestrogens in milk • Organic milk production– More forage– Need more legumes for  N-fixAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seThe farmers possibilities to chose• 40 % red clover + grass• Intake: 70-75 g per day• 1.4 mg/kg milk• Mostly isoflavonoids - equol• 16 % birdsfoot trefoil + grass or           31 % white clover + grass• Intake: 3-4 g per day• 0.4-0.2 mg/kg milk• Mostly lignan – enterolactone, enterodiolAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.sePhytoestrogens are positive?• As far as we know now• If there are some negativ things?• There is possibilities to chose level in the milkAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seThe farmer can chose the concentration of phytoestrogens in organic milk • Species: Red clover/white clover/birdsfoottrefoil (or other eg. lucerne – not investigatedhere)• Cultivars? Do cv. Betty have higherconcentration than cv. Bjursele?• Differences between cows (rumenmicroflora? Breeds?)• Harvest time (decrease with development)• Proportion of legume/grass (need N-fix)Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.se3Bioactivity of milk• Chosing relevant cell-based models• Choosing sample preparation method• Chosing endpointsAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.sePhytoestrogens in the milk – Have the potential for inhibitory effects (eg. pure equol)– Have anti-inflammatory effects• We found no difference in proliferativeeffects of whey (milk without fat) between the diets• But additions of milk clearly inhibitatedproliferation of breast cancer cells• = milk had antiestrogenic effectindependent of dietary treatmentAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@njv.slu.seFatty acidsRed clover:• Had increased levels of PUFA, especially α-linolenic acidSILAGE with red clover:• Reduced biohydrogenation ofunsaturated fatty acids in the rumen• Not obtained when GRAZING red cloverAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@njv.slu.seSelenium• Se concentration in organic milk is doubled if using Se yeast• Selenite gave only low concentrations in the milkAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@njv.slu.seMain end users• Other researchers• Advisors and farmers• Dairy industry• Decision makers• StudentsAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@njv.slu.seOther researchers• Reviewed scientific papers– 3 published– 2 accepted– 1 submitted– 1 manuscript (January 2012)– 6 in preparation (Spring 2012)Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@njv.slu.se4Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seDeliveriesThe publication from this project is like a bottle of ketchup- Everything comes at the same timeOther researchers• Scientific conferences– EGF congress – 2 oral; 1 poster;  500 participants– NJF (nordic and baltic) – 3 oral; 5 posters; 100 participants– EAAP – 1key note speaker; 2 poster; 500 – Legum conference in Ireland; 1 oral; 100 participants– Final workshop of Phytomilk; 8 oral; 40 part.  Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seDecision makers; Advisors; farmers; students• National conferences and workshops• Small presentation at meetings with dairy industries and feed companies• Final seminar of PhytoMilk• Leaflets (will be done when the results are scientifically confirmed)• Presentations for students• New home page. The old was very popular (10-20 hits/day)Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.se Anne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seIn which countries can your results be used and how?• All countries where red clover, white clover and bordfoot trefoil is used (farmers; researchers; dairy industry; advisors; general public; decision makers; students)• Improved the methods for bioactivity studies in milk – can be used everywhereAnne-Maj.Gustavsson@slu.seMany thanks to CORE organic and to the national funding bodies for funding this project!Many thanks to ICROFT!Many thanks to all we have collaborated with!-An overviewShort about our project

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