This presentation covers the production of conventional and organic olive oil and its trade from Italy to USA; it explains which type of controls are applied to conventional oils, as well as to GI oils and to organic ones

Santucci, Fabio M.

English

Organic Eprints

1Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20071“Organic olive oil from Italy”OLIBIO Research ProjectFabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20072Overview• Olive oil production and trade • Organic olive and oil production and trade• Controls and certifications for:o Conventional extra virgin olive oilo Organic extra virgin olive oilo PDO extra virgin oil• Prospects for further research2Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20073Three sources of information• A research about organic olive oil in Italy • A research on the situation and prospects for OA in the Med;• A study on organic olive oil in the Med.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20074All countriesaround the Medproduce olive oil3Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20075World olive oil production (000t)Area/countryEuropean Union 2.357 1.946 2.144 2.149 76,5  Spain 989 825 1.096 970 34,5  Italy 795 656 591 681 24,2  Greece 435 424 370 410 14,6  Other EU Countries 138 41 87 89 3,2Syria 175 100 154 143 5,1Turkey 145 115 140 133 4,7Tunisia 130 220 130 160 5,7Morocco 50 75 80 68 2,4Other Countries 156 143 172 157 5,6World 3.013 2.599 2.820 2.811 100,0% 2004 2005 2006 AverFabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20076Olive oil imports (000t)Area/countryEuropean Union 25 982 891 864 912 67,1  Spain 69 91 89 83 6,1  Italy 562 468 437 489 36,0  Portugal 56 58 61 58 4,3  Other EU Countries 295 274 277 282 20,7USA 221 224 241 229 16,8Japan 32 30 33 32 2,3Canada 32 26 30 29 2,2Australia 29 29 27 28 2,1Brazil 27 26 28 27 2,0Other Countries 108 97 105 103 7,6World 1.430 1.323 1.327 1.360 100,0% 2004 2005 2006 Aver4Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20077Olive oil annual individual consumptionNon traditional markets, as well as non traditional producers, are emerging everywhere.CountryGreece 18,0Italy 13,1Spain 11,6France 1,6Tunisia 8,0Germany 0,4United Kingdom 0,6Japan 0,2USA 0,7Australia 1,4KgFabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20078Italian trade (000 t)ImportsVirgin and extra-virgin 398 349 328 358Olive lampante 110 79 59 83Refined lampante 54 41 50 48Other categories 22 26 19 22Total 584 495 456 512ExportsVirgin and extra-virgin 197 221 200 206Olive lampante 12 18 7 12Refined lampante 98 95 81 91Other categories 31 32 35 33Total 338 366 323 342BalanceVirgin and extra-virgin -201 -128 -128 -152Olive lampante -98 -61 -52 -70,3Refined lampante 44 54 31 43Other categories 9 6 16 10,33Total -246 -129 -133 -1692004 2005 2006 Aver2004 2005 2006 Aver2004 2005 2006 Aver5Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 20079Destination countries(2006)DestinationEU -25 119 36,8 488 36,2  Germany 38 11,8 167 12,4  France 22 6,8 91 6,8  United Kingdom 14 4,3 65 0 4,8  USA 120 37,2 504 37,4Japan 17 5,3 75 5,6Canada  15 4,6 64 4,8Australia 12 3,7 49 3,6Total 323 100,0 1.347 100,0000 t % mio $ %Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200710US Imports  Average Import 2004/06 (t) 229.000Suppliers (% value)        EU -25 86       Turkey 7       Argentina 3       Morocco 2      Tunisia 2Average CIF value ($/kg)      Virgin and extra-virgin 3,80     Refined 3,306Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200711What is organic farming ?Lampkin and Padel “Economics of OF”, 1993Approaches to agriculture, aiming at setting up sustainable production systems, based mainly on renewable resources, on a management of the biological and ecological processes with the goal of achieving acceptable levels of animal and vegetal production and of human nutrition, protection from parasites and diseases, and a proper return to labor and other resources.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200712IFOAM standards• Reshaping of natural environment:• Proper techniques: rotations, mixed cropping, limited soil labor;• Enhancement of animal and vegetal biodiversity;• No Genetically Modified Organisms;• Husbandry techniques respectful for animals and environment;• Reduction of plastics and no synthetic chemicals;• “Natural” storage, processing and transportation;• Fair trade and Local Trade;• Intelligent consumption.7Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 2007136 Rulesfororganic olive oil• Respect the conversion period;• Know your soil and respect traditions;• Manage the natural fertility of the soil;• Defend with the help of nature;• Harvest with care and respect;• Process carefully.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200714Organic Olive Area in the MedCountryItaly  1.067.102 106.938 1.167.980 10,0 9,16Spain  807.569 91.485 1.199.090 11,3 7,63Greece  288.255 39.636 784.500 13,8 5,05Portugal  233.458 28.152 360.000 12,1 7,82France 560.838 700 18.340 0,1 3,82Cyprus  1.698 576 14.830 33,9 3,88Tunisia 143.099 80.016 1.500.000 55,9 5,33Turkey 93.133 7.732 649.350 8,3 1,19Syria  20.500 5.000 500.000 24,4 1,00Palestine 1.000 500 nd 50,0Lebanon  2.465 475 58.000 19,3 0,82Israel  6.685 340 22.000 5,1 1,55Algeria 887 416 239.350 46,9 0,17Total 3.299.154 362.210 7.379.090 11,0 4,91B/C %A) Total organic area (ha)B) Area with organic olive trees (ha)C) Area with olive trees (ha)B/A %8Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200715OA prospects to 2010 Export to EU 3,0Domestic market 2,4Export to US and Canada 1,9Export to Italy 1,8Export to Gulf countries 1,4Export to Japan 1,2Imports 1,2Export to former USSR countries 0,9Export to Maghreb countries 0,1Mean Trade 4 = strongly increase; -4 = strongly decreaseFabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200716Reg. (EC) 2815/98 Designation of origin of olive oilSince 1992, EU CAP has supported the market differenziationwith so called GI “Geographical indications”:• PDO = Product with Denomination of Origin• PGI = Product with Geographical Indication  In Italy, 39 Consortiums have been established9Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200717.Geographical indications are strongly linked with rural development initiatives, such as agri-tourism, cultural heritage, handicraft, etc., with on farm and off farm economic diversification.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200718Multiple certifications and controls • Conventional;• Conventional and PDO / PGI;• Organic;• Organic and PDO / PGI;• Organic and fair.10Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200719Overall controls on olive oil quality• A special unit of the Carabinieri (NAS), on behalf of the Ministry of Health; • MIPAAF: Central Institute for Food Quality – ICQ -(last reform in 2004), with 27 offices and 12 labs;• 232 Inspectors, 119 lab technicians, 311 administrative staff, 15 managers;• Their labs verify the absence of non olive oils and the respect of the quality parameters established by the EU Reg. 2568/91, which on January 2008 will be replaced by EU Reg. 702/07, in close cooperation with COI and Codex Alimentarius (FAO);• Sampling and testing procedures are codified, while labs are accredited.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200720Parameters:20 analyses allow excluding the presence of other oils and defining 8 categories: from extra – virgin to olive residue oil (olio disansa).1 Waxes (mg/kg) = 2502Saturated acids in 2-position of triacyglycerol %= 1.53 Stigmastadienes mg/kg = 1.54 DECNA-42 = 0.25 Transoleic isomers % = 0.056Translinoleic + trans linolenic isomers %= 0.057 Cholesterol % = 0.58 Brassicasterol % = 0.19 Campesterol % = 4.010 Stigmasterol % < Camp11 Beta - Sitosterol = 93.012 Delta7 stigma stenol = 0.513-20 Etc.. etc.. Conventional Extra-virginCharacteristics11Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200721The activities of ICQItem 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002Inspections (no.) 36.391 34.165 24.846 21.249 23.609Controlled operators (no.) 27.046 24.395 17.984 15.591 16.000Samples (no.) 11.006 11.980 10.001 9.116Controlled products (no.) 90.744 88.847 46.629 51.825Irregular firms (no.) 3.486Irregular operators (%) 13 15 22 19 2.600Analysed samples (no.) 11.256 11.763Irregular samples (no.) 1.010 1.021Irregular samples (%) 9 9Seizures (no.) 520 498 442 230Value (000 €) 8.686 9.356 9.916 6.105 4.500Communications to judiciary authority (no.)458 436 388 236 421Administrative offences  (no.) 4.094 3.977 3.864 3.746 3.650Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200722The activities of ICQ in 2006Item %Inspections (no.) 6.428 4.140 64Controlled operators (no.) 5.479 3.707 68Samples (no.) 1.079 na naControlled products (no.) 10.944 7.804 71Irregular operators (no.) 454 na naSeizures (no.) 82 47 57Value (000 €) 360 182 51Communications to judiciary authority (no.) 72 na naAdministrative offences  (no.) 397 362 91Oils and fatsOlive oil12Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200723THE PDO ORGANIZATION • Define the areas and varieties of olive trees• Elaborate the guidelines for production and processing• Define the quality of oil, with parameters stricter than the EU regulation• Annually quantify the maximum quantity of olive / oil that each member can submit to certification• Compulsory chemical analysis and panel test for all lots• Delivery of alfanumeric bar codes for each bottle / tin to ensure total traceability. Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200724Panel test • The entire system has been codified by COI and MIPAAF• 35 hour training course (certificate A)• Experience of 20 panel tests (certificate B)• A + B = accepted into the Guild of Oil Testers • A group of Oil Testers is recognized by Istituto diElaiotecnica (MIPAAF) after blind testing• The group is verified annually• The panel testing is conducted with codified procedures in approved environments• For the PDO, 10 quality aspects are considered (color, fragrance, taste, etc..)• Variability can not exceed 20%• Median values are considered• To be accepted as Umbria PDO, average final score =713Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200725Organic agriculture is heavily regulated and controlled￿ EU Regulation 2092/91￿ NOP USDA 2002￿ JAS JapanCertification Bodies can be private or public, but they all must be authorized by State and must be accredited.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200726ControlsFarms, processing, storing, bottling, even retail and organic restaurants are certified by authorized Certification Bodies, with more than 1,000 inspectors.14Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200727On going research…• To define the provenience of oil, based on the natural radioactivity of each zone, through stable isotopes;• To elaborate genetic markers – variety specific – to identify the presence of oils from other varieties different from those indicated by the PDO.Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200728Conclusions..• Production and trade of conventional, GI, organic oils are on rise, everywhere;• Consumers increasingly appreciate upper scale oils;• Private companies, producers’ associations, public bodies, are cooperating for reducing the risks of frauds and misbehaviors;• Products traceability is becoming a marketing tool;• Better and advanced analytical methods will increase market transparency.15Fabio M. Santucci. DSEEA UniPG, Washington DC November 200729Thanks for your attention Fabio M. Santucci

Organic olive oil from Italy

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Organic Eprints