In 2003 there was an experiment in Agrifood Research Finland (Vihti), which compared Cedomon, Baytan, wood smoke treatment and no-treatment. Barley and oat were chosen to the experiment

Lötjönen, Timo

Torniainen, Merja

English

Jukuri

Does Cedomon work?

Organic Eprints

26FORSKNINGSNYTT • Nr 1 • 2005LiteratureChiassin, H., Vincent, C. & D. de Oliveira1997: Effect of an insect vacuum deviceon strawberry pollinators. Acta Hort.,437, pp. 373-377.Crawley, T., Schäfer, A., Lappalainen, E. &Vaskelainen, T. 2003. Market feasibilitystudy pneumatic pest control. Helsinkiuniversity of technology, department ofindustrial engineering and manage-ment, institute of strategy and interna-tional business Tu-91.122 new venturedevelopment, 32 pp.Hellqvist, S. 1992: Insektssugning i jordgub-bar. Tidskrift för frukt- och bärodling34/4, p. 48-52.Hodik, M., Rifai, M.N. &. Taborsky, V. 1999:Physical control of Colorado potatobeetle i comparison with bioinsecticide.Rostlinna Vyroba, 45/7, pp. 311-316.Misener, G.C. &. Boiteau, G. 1993: Holdingcapability of the colorado potato beetleto potato leaves and plastic surfaces.Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 35/1, pp. 27-31.Lacasse, B., Laguë, C., Khelifi, M. &. P.-M.Roy 1998: Effects of airflow velocity andtravel speed on the removal of Coloradopotato beetles from potato plants.Canadian Agricultural Engineering,40/4, p. 265-272.Pickel, C., Zalom, F.G., Walsh, D.B., & N.C.Welch 1995: Vacuums provide limitedLygus control in strawberries. CaliforniaAgriculture, 49/2, p. 19-22.Vincent, C. &. R. Chagnon 2000: Vacuumingtarnished plant bug on strawberry: abench study of operational parametersversus insect behaviour. EntomologiaExperimentatis et Applicata 97, pp.347-354.This particular device has not yet reacheda prototype and testing stage. Theestimated price of the device will be 3000– 5000 euro. The material costs per unitare estimated to be 2000 euro.Winfried SchäferTel: +358 9 2242 5220E-mail: winfried.schafer@mtt.fiWinfried Schäfer researches on technique inorganic farming at MTT Agricultural Engi-neering Research.■Cedomon is a natural prepara-tion. The active ingredient is acommon soil bacteria Pseudo-monas chlororaphis. In addition rape oil isused as carrier component. Cedomon isnot risky to humans, animals or theenvironment and it is biodegradable.These are the great benefits.The seed dressing products has usuallyeffect only on seedborne or soilborneplant diseases. They cannot preventdiseases, which come through air. Themanufacturer of Cedomon claims thatthe product has effect on barley netblotch (Drechslera teres), barley leaf stripe(Drechslera graminae) and fusarium. Theplant diseases can remarkably decreaseyields of barley and wheat, but normallynot much the yields of oat and rye. Themanufacturer claims that Cedomon canincrease the yields of barley 3–5 % un-der northern European conditions.Experiments in FinlandIn 2003 there was an experiment inAgrifood Research Finland (Vihti),which compared Cedomon, Baytan®,wood smoke treatment and no-treat-ment. Barley (Saana) and oat (Roope)were chosen to the experiment. The ex-periment (4 replications) was set up in aconventionally cultivated field usingchemical fertilisation. The seed dressingtreatments were conducted in a concretemixer. Wood smoke treatment was donein a specially designed grain dryer.The seed dressing treatments did notraise the yields of oat compared to un-treated. Wood smoke treatment slightlyDoes Cedomon work?Biological seed dressing solution Cedomon® is commonly used, especially in Sweden.Cedomon is accepted in organic farming in many countries. In Sweden a big amountof conventionally cultivated cereal is also dressed with Cedomon. In Finland benefitsof Cedomon has been variable.decreased the yield. Probably the oatseed did not have seed- or soilbornediseases in 2003. In 2002 Baytan treat-ment increased the yield of oat about1000 kg/ha. In that year Cedomon wasabsent. For example oat loose smut (Usti-lago avenae) and leaf spot (Drechsleraavenae) are diseases of oat, but for-tunately they decrease yield of oat quiteseldom. Cedomon is claimed to be effec-tive against oat leaf spot, but not againstloose smut. Chemical Baytan has broa-der effect to different diseases.In 2003 Baytan had a tendency to increaseyield of barley compared to untreated(not statistically significant difference).Cedomon did not increase the barleyyield. Wood smoke treatment slightlydecreased the yield. The treatments hadvery little effect on quality of barley oroat.Probably barley seed neither had anydiseases in 2003, which could be con-trolled by Cedomon.Profitabilityof biological seed dressingAgrifood Research Finland (Jokioinen)has done experiments, where Cedomonhas controlled barley net blotch nearlyas well as chemical products. Cedomonhas increased barley yield 200–300 kg/ha, if there has been plenty of net blotch.Cedomon has decreased barley leafstripe 40 – 80 %, when chemical productshave given nearly 100 % effect. The effectof Cedomon against leaf stripe has notusually been enough to increase theyield, but the quality can become better.27FORSKNINGSNYTT • Nr 1 • 2005According to these experiments, it seemsthat Cedomon has no effect against loosesmut of barley (Ustilago nuda) or fusa-riums.A  conclusion of the results is that thefarmer should know which diseases arepresent in his seeds, before he can de-cide if it is sensible to use Cedomon. Forexample barley net blotch and loose smutcan be observed from previous year crop.Seed disease laboratories can give thebest evaluation of seedborne diseases.In Finland the price of Cedomon is about4,6 euros/100 kg seed (incl. 22 % tax). Inaddition, the dressing work costs mustbe taken into consideration. In Finlandmany seed companies sell Cedomontreated seeds.Cedomon is like an insurance, which is3000 –2500 –2000 –1500 –1000 –500 –0 –– 66– 64– 62– 60– 58– 56– 54– 52– 50No Wood smoke Baytan CedomontreatmentYieldHl. weightkg/hakg● ●●●●Effect of seed dressing treatments on barley yield and hectolitre weight in 2003 in AgrifoodResearch Finland (Vihti).sensible to take when the crop is barley.The product has no effect against allseedborne diseases of barley, so it doesnot always improve yield or quality.Cedomon does not seem to be veryessential if the crop is oat. ■Ludet ängsstinkfly (Lygus ruguli-pennis) är den mest domineran-de skadegörande insekten pågrödor i Sverige. Den är generalist ochÄngsstinkflynas fiender– var är de, när finns de och hur kan de gynnas?angriper ett stort antal olika grödor. Föratt utveckla biologiska kontrollstrategiermot ludet ängsstinkfly och andra  Lygus-arter behövs mer kunskap om hur depåverkas av naturliga fiender.För att undersöka förekomsten av artersom parasiterar på Lygus har en studiegenomförts i olika grödor i mellersta(Uppsala) och norra (Umeå) Sverige.Parasiten  Phasia obesa  fanns på över-vintrande vuxna Lygus på nästan varjefält i båda undersökningsområdena.Nymfer av Lygus-arter som samlats in iUmeå var parasiterade av Peristenuspallipes och i Uppsala av P. relictus, P.pallipes och P. varisæ.Parasitstekel av släktet Persistenus angriperen Lygus-nymf. Foto: C. Picket.Phasia obesa. Foto: P. BuchlandI vårraps var parasiteringsgraden hög,vilket kan bero på att raps fungerar somfödoresurs för parasiterna. Detta upp-muntrar till vidare undersökningar omhur man i åkermark och intillliggandeområden kan utveckla livsmiljöer somgynnar de naturliga fiendernas överlev-nad och reproduktion.Projektet har finansierats av Forsknings-rådet för miljö, areella näringar och sam-hällsbyggande (Formas).Birgitta RämertInst. för ekologi och växtproduktionslära,SLUE-post: Birgitta.Ramert@evp.slu.se■Timo Lötjönen1 & Merja Torniainen21Agrifood Research Finland,Agricultural Engineering ResearchE-mail: timo.lotjonen@mtt.fi2The Plant Production Inspection Centre(KTTK)

Does Cedomon work?

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