The World of Organic Agriculture - Statistics and Emerging Trends 2004

Abstract

In 1999, BioFach/Oekowelt GmbH commissioned Foundation Ecology & Agriculture SOEL to compile statistical data and general information on organic agriculture world-wide. Since then this study has been revised annually, and the newest figures are regularly presented at Biofach, which takes place in Nuremberg, Germany, every year. Since the 2003 edition the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) have collaborated in this project. For the sixth edition, February 2004, the reports were newly written or revised and the statistical material was up-dated. An extensive chapter on standards and regulations was added. The main findings can be summarised as follows: • Organic agriculture is practised in almost all countries of the world, and its share of agricultural land and farms is growing. The total organically managed area is more than 24 million hectares world-wide. In addition, the area of certified “wild harvested plants” is at least a further 10.7 million hectares, according to various certification bodies. • The market for organic products is growing, not only in Europe and North America (which are the major markets) but also in many other countries. It is valued at 23 billion USD (2002). • Official interest in organic agriculture is emerging in many countries, shown by the fact that many countries have a fully implemented regulation on organic farming or are in the process of drafting regulations. Contents 1 Preface 2 Introduction Minou Yussefi and Mike Mitschke 2.1 General Overview 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Information Resources 2.4 Literature 3 Development and State of Organic Agriculture World-wide Minou Yussefi 4 Overview of the Global Market for Organic Food & Drink Amarjit Sahota 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Western Europe 4.3 North America 4.4 Asia 4.5 Latin America 4.6 Oceania 4.7 Conclusions 4.8 Reference 5 Standards and Regulations Lukas Kilcher, Beate Huber and Otto Schmid 5.1 International Standards 5.1.1 IFOAM Standards 5.1.2 The Codex Alimentarius 5.2 National and Supranational Regulations 5.2.1 The EU Regulation on Organic Production 5.2.2 Other National Regulations 5.2.3 US and EU Import Procedures 5.3 Private Standards 5.4 Relationship to Fair Trade 5.5 Literature 6 Certification and Accreditation 6.1 Certification Gerald A. Herrmann 6.2 Organic Certification Statistics: 364 Certification Bodies in 57 Countries Gunnar Rundgren 6.3 IFOAM Accreditation International Organic Accreditation Service (IOAS) 6.4 IFOAM Accredited Certification Bodies International Organic Accreditation Service (IOAS) 7 Organic Agriculture in the Continents 7.1 Africa Nicholas Parrott and Fred Kalibwani 7.1.1 Introduction 7.1.2 Statistics / Historical Development 7.1.3 Markets 7.1.4 State support, standards and legislation 7.1.5 Innovations in Agroecology 7.1.6 Research, Extension and Training 7.1.7 Outlook 7.1.8 Reference 7.2 Asia Ong Kung Wai 7.2.1 General 7.2.2 Production & Markets 7.2.3 Standards, Certification & Regulation 7.2.4 Development challenges 7.3 Australia/Oceania 7.3.1 Organic Farming in Australia Darren Halpin and Martin Brueckner 7.3.2 Organic Farming in New Zealand Seager Mason 7.4 Europe Helga Willer and Toralf Richter 7.4.1 Statistical Development: Continued Growth 7.4.2 Milestones in the History of Organic Agriculture in Europe 7.4.3 The IFOAM European Union Regional Group 7.4.4 The European Market for Organic Foods 7.4.5 EU Regulation on Organic farming 7.4.6 Organic Farming Research in Europe 7.4.7 State Support for Organic Agriculture 7.4.8 Enlargement and Organic Farming 7.4.9 Action Plans 7.4.10 Future 7.4.11 References 7.4.11 Appendix: Development of Organic Agriculture in the Countries of the European Union 7.5 Latin America Pipo Lernoud 7.5.1 Traditional Farming 7.5.2 The Market 7.5.3 Commodities 7.5.3 Certification 7.5.4 Governmental Support 7.5.5 Education and Extension 7.5.6 Latin America: Country reports Alberto Pipo Lernoud and Marcela Piovano Argentina Bolivia Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Chile Mexico Peru Uruguay Sources of Information 7.6 North America 7.6.1 United States Barbara Haumann 7.6.2 Canada Barbara Haumann 8 Continued Achievements and Challenges Bernward Geier 9 Contac