A new genus and a new species of the family Moitessieriidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are described for Spain. The main morphological characters are described, which allow for distinguishing the new genus from other known genera.Es  descriu  un  nou  gènere  i  espècie  de  la  família  Moitessieriidae  (Mollusca:  Gastropoda)  per  a  Espanya.  Es  descriuen i representen els seus caràcters morfològics, que permeten distingir-lo dels altres gèneres coneguts

Alonso, Álvaro

Quiñonero Salgado, Sergio

Rolán-Alvarez, Emilio

Ruiz-Jarillo, Ramon

English

Quiñonero-Salgado, Sergio

Repositori Institucional de la Universitat Jaume I

Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc (Gastropoda: Moitessieriidae) for SpainSergio Quiñonero-Salgado 1, Ramon Ruiz-Jarillo 1, Álvaro Alonso 2 & Emilio Rolán 31. Associació Catalana de Malacologia, Museu Blau, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.2. C/Infiesto 7, 6º J, 33207 Gijón, Asturias, Spain.3.  Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Santiago, Campus Norte, Parque Vista Alegre, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.*Autor corresponsal: sergioqs85@hotmail.comRebut el 31.01.2021. Acceptat el 22.03.2021A new genus and a new species of the family Moitessieriidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) are described for Spain. The main morphological characters are described, which allow for distinguishing the new genus from other known genera.Keywords: Gastropoda, Moitessieriidae, new genus, new speciesTarracospeum raveni, un nou gènere i espècie de la família Moitessieriidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) per a EspanyaEs descriu un nou gènere i espècie de la família Moitessieriidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) per a Espanya. Es descriuen i representen els seus caràcters morfològics, que permeten distingir-lo dels altres gèneres coneguts.Paraules clau: Gastropoda, Moitessieriidae, nou gènere, nova espècieThe family Moitessieriidae Bourguignat, 1863 includes small freshwater gastropods, mainly from stygobiotic habitats. It is represented in Spain by five genera: Baldufa Alba, Tarruella, Prats, Guillén & Cor-bella, 2010, a monotypic genus only known from Catalonia; Moitessieria Bourguignat, 1863, extended through the north and east of the Iberian Peninsula, with a number of known taxa, particularly in Cata-lonia; Palaospeum Boeters, 2003, only present in Aragón and the province of Castelló; Spiralix Boe-ters, 1972, distributed across the north and east of the Iberian Peninsula; and Sardopaladilhia Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998 only present in the Comunitat Valenciana (Boeters, 2003; Rolán & Martínez-Ortí, 2003; Corbella et al., 2014; Quiño-nero-Salgado & Rolán, 2019; Quiñonero-Salgado et al., 2020). It is well distinguished from Hydrobiidae Troschel, 1857 by different anatomical characteristics (Boeters & Gittenberger, 1990).In this article, a new genus and a new species of Moitessieriidae is described, presenting several singu-lar characteristics not present in other genera from this family.Material and methodsSediments were collected from two springs in the province of Tarragona. After cleaning and drying, sieves of 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mm mesh were used to sort the shells, which were finally separated under a ste-reomicroscope for their identification, and cleaned with water with the help of a small brush. Given its strict stygobiotic habitat and the difficulty of gaining access, it was very hard to find live specimens, so only empty shells were considered for this study. Locali-ties were visited during 2020. Specimens were pho-tographed with a trinocular stereomicroscope Nexius Zoom NZ 1903-S, with a Euromex CMEX-10PRO camera adapter. Some shells were mounted on alumi-nium stubs for their examination under an electronic Quanta-200 microscope.AbbreviationsMZB: Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, SpainSEM: Scanning Electron MicroscopyCQS: Collection Quiñonero-Salgados: ShellNEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg.  120-126120Articles NEMUS revista de l’ateneu de naturaResultsSystematicsFamily Moitessieriidae Bourguignat, 1863Genus Tarracospeum gen. nov.Type species: Tarracospeum raveni sp. n.Etymology: The name is based on a combination of the prefix Tarraco from Roman name for the province of the type locality, and the suffix speum, derived from the Greek Speos (meaning cave), related to their subte-rranean habitat.FIGURE 1. SEM photographs of Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. from the type locality. A: apertural view; B: detail of the teleoconch C, D: detail of the protoconch and microsculptureMicrofotografies de Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. de la localitat tipus. A: vista apertural; B: detall de la teleoconquilla. C, D: detall de la protoconquilla i microescultura.ADBC1 mm100 µm100 µm100 µm121NEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg. 120-126Articles Quiñonero-Salgado et al. Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc for Spain FIGURE 2. Holotype of Tarracospeum raveni sp.n.Holotip de Tarracospeum raveni sp.n.1 mmFIGURE 3. Variability of specimens of Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. A-F: type locality. G-K: Font de Massat.Variabilitat d’exemplars de Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. A-F: localitat tipus. G-K: Font de Massat.1 mmAKJIHGFEDCBQuiñonero-Salgado et al. Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc for Spain 122 NEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg. 120-126ArticlesDiagnosis of the genus: Small shell, subcylindrical in shape, slightly convex whorls, and deep sutures. Aperture with ovoidal shape, showing a separation between last whorl and aperture, ovoid in shape, very prominent external curvature. Umbilicus absent, and very faint or no microsculpture at all.Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. (Fig. 1, 2 & 3)Type material: Holotype MZB 2021-0466 (Fig 2.). Paratypes: 3 s in MZB 2021-0467, 10 s in CQS.Type locality: Font del Baró, Querol, Tarragona [31TCF63948510], 440 m (Fig. 5A).This spring is located on the lower part of the sou-th-eastern slope of the Ancosa Mountains. The outflow from the spring was contained many years ago, relea-sing its water into a small artificial pond used to irri-gate an abandoned orchard. From a geologic point of view, it is located in an area of Medium Triassic dolo-mites, limited by areas with marls and clays.Other material examined: Font Massat, Santes Creus, Tarragona [31TCF63007909] 290 m (Fig. 5B).This spring is located more than 20 km downstream from the Font del Baró. It can be found on the right-hand slope of the Gaià River, emerging from a shaded rock face and releasing its water directly onto the slope, before reaching the river. Regarding its geologic con-text, the area is from Neogene period, from the Mio-cene, dominated by uncompacted clay conglomerates.Etymology: The species is dedicated to the Dutch malacologist Han Raven, closely linked to Spain, who has spent years studying malacofauna.Description: Small shell, fragile, translucid, with cylindrical to subcylindrical shape, 4 to 6 whorls, slightly convex. Marked sutures, slightly angulated in last whorls. Shell height in the range of 1.40-2.79 mm. The microsculpture of the teleoconch shows irre-gular growth lines (Fig. 1B), while protoconch sur-face is smooth or with only a faint rugosity. (Fig. 1 C,D). There is a clear separation between protoconch and teleoconch. No umbilicus. Last whorl ascendent towards the aperture. Aperture separated from last whorl, of 0.35-0.86 mm high, and 0.36-0.72 mm wide, ovoid in shape, very prominent external curvature; in the upper side it has a little marked angulation, conti-nued in the outer side with a more marked ondulation, FIGURE 4. Shell measurements of Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. SH: shell height. SW: shell diameter. BWH: last whorl height. PH: aperture height. PW: aperture width.Dimensions de la conquilla de Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. SH: alçada. SW: diàmetre. BWH: alçada de l’última volta PH: alçada de l’obertura. PW: amplada de l’obertura.123NEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg. 120-126Articles Quiñonero-Salgado et al. Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc for Spain if observed from the external side of the aperture. The outer lip is not thickened, but it is everted in its whole extension.Dimensions: See table 1, Fig. 4Habitat: Stygobiotic.Distribution: Only known from two springs of the Gaià river basin (Tarragona, province) (Fig. 6).Differential diagnosis: Tarracospeum gen. nov. shows differences with other stygobiotic genera from the Moitessieriidae family, of which only the initial five in the following list are represented in Spain.Moitessieria Bourguignat, 1863: It presents shells with turriculated-elongated shape, and a marked, spi-rally arranged sculpture.Spiralix Boeters, 1972: Species in this genus have no microsculpture at all, or very faint, and are subcylin-drical in shape, with the exception of the subgenus Burgosia, which, despite also having a small separation between last whorl and aperture, is differentiated by presenting a more marked microsculpture, and gene-rally with ovoidal-conical shape.Palaospeum Boeters, 2003: Species from this genus are characterized by presenting conical shaped, robust shells, and no separation between last whorl and aperture.Baldulfa Alba, Tarruella, Prats, Guillén & Corbella, 2010: A monotypic genus, with conical-trochoidal shaped and robust shells, low whorl number, and very marked microsculpture.Sardopaladilhia Manganelli, Bodon, Cianfanelli, Talenti & Giusti, 1998: Shells in this genus are coni-cal-ovoid, have no separation between last whorl and aperture, and the microsculpture is formed by irre-gular microperforations, or spirally-arranged lines.Bythiospeum Bourguignat, 1882: Taxonomy in this genus is very complex, due to the large conchological variability of its species (Bertrand, 2004). On average, they present conical shaped shells, but there are no species described for Spain yet.Iglica A.J. Wagner, 1928: Another genus not des-cribed for Spain, also quite controversial and which needs further revision. The type species has a turricu-lated shell, with up to five whorls, with a small separa-tion between last whorl and aperture.Henrigirardia Boeters & Falkner, 2003: Monotypic genus only known from France, characterized by a quite conical shell, wide-open umbilicus, and marked microsculpture, very different from the one present in the new genus here described.FIGURE 5. A: Font de Baró, type locality of Tarracospeum raveni sp.n. B: Font de Massat.A: Font de Baró, localitat tipus de Tarracospeum raveni sp.n. B: Font de Massat.FIGURE 6. Map of Tarragona province showing the known distribution range of Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. at the Gaià river basin.Mapa de la província de Tarragona mostrant el rang de distribució de Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. a la conca del riu Gaià.Quiñonero-Salgado et al. Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc for Spain 124 NEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg. 120-126ArticlesSorholia Boeters & Falkner, 2009: Another mono-typic genus only known from France, characterized by a clear separation between last whorl and aperture. Compared to Tarracospeum gen. nov, it shows a spiral, very marked microsculpture.Paladilhia Bourguignat, 1865: Not known from Spain. It has a conical shell (not subcylindrical), and a lip less projected to the front.Clameia Boeters & Gittenberger, 1990: Monotypic genus only known from Greece. Although it also has a last whorl separated from the aperture, the shell is conical, with inflated whorls, and microsculpture formed by spirally-arranged lines.DiscussionA new genus of the Moitessieriidae family is des-cribed for Spain, raising to six the number of known genera. It has some characteristics that allow for the description of a new genus, with evident differences to other genera in the family, such as a very prominent external curvature in the aperture. Despite showing some shared characteristics with other genera, such as the separation between last whorl and aperture or a faint microsculpture, the combination of the different characteristics is unique in the newly described genus, allowing it to be differentiated from all the others.The closest genus to Tarracospeum gen. nov. could be Iglica. However, this is a quite controversial genus, with a revision pending. Only recently Boeters et al. (2019) have showed anatomical traits of the type species, suggesting that the discrimination with Bythiospeum should be complemented with genetic analyses. A number of taxa having conchological traits such as an elongated shell, and a separation between last whorl and aperture, have been attributed to Iglica in a doubtful manner, in the absence of anatomical data (Bodon & Giovannelli, 1994; Boeters et al., 2019). Many of those taxa differ indeed from the characters of the type species. In addition, this genus has a Central European range, with the exception of two species in Morocco: “Iglica” soussensis Ghamizi et al., 1997, and Iglica seyadi Backhuys & Boeters, 1974, both described on the basis of conchological characters only, being particularly doubtful the assignation of the first one to the genus Iglica (Backhuys & Boeters, 1974; Ghamizi & Boulal, 2017).The smallest specimens Tarracospeum raveni sp.n., by having a more cylindrical shape, may resemble conchologically those of the genus Guadiella (Boeters, 2003), of the Hydrobiidae family. However, they can be differentiated because this genus lacks the curvatures and ripples in the aperture, and presents a micros-culpture on the protoconch formed by marked poly-gonal-shaped depressions, similar to stars, or micro-perforations irregularly displayed (Alba et al., 2009; Boeters, 2003; Quiñonero-Salgado et al., 2018).Tarracospeum raveni sp.n. has only been identified in two springs of the Gaià river basin (Tarragona pro-vince). It must be stressed that only a small quantity of good quality material has been found since only those shells brought to the surface after heavy rains are available for collection. Due to the strictly stygobiotic habitat and its difficult access, no live animals were collected. Given its limited distribution and fragility of the habitat, highly vulnerable to damage by conta-mination or alteration in water levels, the new species should be protected.TABLE 1. Measurements of Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. shells. SH: shell height. SW: shell diameter. BWH: last whorl height. PH: aperture height. PW: aperture width. See also Fig. 4.Mesures de la conquilla de Tarracospeum raveni sp. n. SH: alçada. SW: diàmetre. BWH: alçada de l’última volta. PH: alçada de l’obertura. PW: amplada de l’obertura. Cal veure també la Fig. 4.Tarracospeum raveni sp.n. SH SW BWH PH PWFont del baró(n=39)Type localityHolotype 2.23 0.86 1.28 0.70 0.59min 1.49 0.56 0.90 0.45 0.37max 2.79 1.11 1.57 0.86 0.73mean 2.05 0.80 1.19 0.64 0.54st.dev. 0.323 0.151 0.171 0.114 0.099Font Massat(n=12)min 1.40 0.42 0.78 0.35 0.36max 2.18 0.91 1.25 0.68 0.62mean 1.77 0.69 1.04 0.53 0.49st.dev. 0.253 0.127 0.147 0.085 0.074125NEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg. 120-126Articles Quiñonero-Salgado et al. Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc for Spain ReferencesAlba, D. M., Tarruella, A., Prats, L., Corbella, J. & Guillén, G. 2009. Una nova espècie de Guadiella Boeters, 2003 (Neotaenioglossa: Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae) de la Font del Racó de la Pastera (Ulldemolins, el Priorat, Catalunya, Espanya). Spira, 3 (1-2): 1-12.Alba, D. M., Tarruella, A., Prats, L., Guillén, G. & Corbella, J., 2010. Els moitessièrids (Gastropoda: Moitessieriidae) de Rellinars (el Vallès Occidental, Catalunya, Espanya). Spira 3 (3-4): 159-186.Backhuys, W. & Boeters, H. D. 1974. Zur kenntnis marokkanischer binnenmollusken, I. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 104: 107-114.Bertrand, A. 2004. Atlas préliminaire de répartition géographique des mollusques stygobies de la faune de France (Mollusca: Rissoidea: Caenogastropoda). Documents Malacologiques. Hors série, 2: 1-81.Boeters, H. D. 2003. Supplementary notes on Moitessieriidae and Hydrobiidae from the Iberian Peninsula (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda). Basteria, 67: 1-41.Boeters, H. D. & Gittenberger, E. 1990. Once more on the Moitessieriidae (Gastropoda Prosobranchia), with the description of Clameia brooki gen. et spec. nov. Basteria, 54, (1-3): 123-129.Boeters, H. D., Reischütz, A., Reischütz, P. & Unruh, M., 2019. Rediscovery of Iglica gratulabunda (A. J. Wagner, 1910) (CAENOGASTROPODA: TRUNCATELLOIDEA). Folia Malacologica 27(4): 321–325.Bodon, M. & Giovannelli, MM. 1994. A new Hydrobiidae species of the subterranean waters of Friuli (NE Italy) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Basteria, 58: 233-244.Corbella, J., Guillén, G., Prats, Ll., Tarruella, A. & Alba, D. 2014. Spiralix calida sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Moitessieriidae), una nova espècie de gastròpode estigobi de Toga (l’Alt Millars, País Valencià, Espanya). Spira, 5: 111-120.Ghamizi, M. & Boulal, M. 2017. New stygobiont snail from froundwater of Marocco (Gastropoda: Moitessieriidae). Ecologica Montenegrina, 10: 11-13Quiñonero-Salgado. S., Martín Alvarez J.F., López Soriano, J. & Rolán, E. 2018. A new species of the genus Guadiella Boeters, 2003 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Spain. Iberus 36 (I). 61-65.Quiñonero-Salgado, S., Alonso, Á. & Rolán, E. 2019. A new species of the genus Moitessieria Bourguignat, 1863 (Gastropoda: Moitessieriidae) from Catalonia, Spain. Nemus, 9: 105-111.Quiñonero-Salgado, S., López-Soriano, J., Alonso, Á. & Rolán, E. 2020. Two new species of the genus Spiralix Boeters, 1972 (Gastropoda: Moitessieriidae) from Spain. Nemus, 10: 21-29.Rolán, E. & Martínez-Ortí, A. 2003. Nuevas especies de la familia Hydrobiidae (Mollusca: Orthogastropoda) de la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Iberus, 21 (1): 191-206.Acknowledgements. Our thanks to Inés Pazos from the Centro de Apoyo Científico y Tecnológico a la Investigacion (CACTI) at Universidad de Vigo for the SEM pictures. To Marco Bodon, Peter Glöer, and Katrin Schniebs for sending us bibliographic works. To Joaquín López-Soriano for the English revision. To Carlos E. Prieto for composing figure 6.Quiñonero-Salgado et al. Tarracospeum raveni, a new genus and a new species of stygobiotic mollusc for Spain 126 NEMUS núm. 11. 2021, pàg. 120-126Articles

Tarracospeum raveni, un nou gènere i espècie de la família Moitessieriidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) per a Espanya

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Tarracospeum raveni, un nou gènere i espècie de la família Moitessieriidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) per a Espanya

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