The Cavanillesian names Galium fruticescens and Scorzonera pumila, basionym of Launaea pumila, are lectotypified from original specimens preserved in the Cavanilles herbarium in the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (MA).Els noms cavanillesians Galium fruticescens i Scorzonera pumila, basiònim de Launaea pumila, són lectotipificats a partir d’espècimens que pertanyen al material original de l’autor conservat a l’herbari del Reial Jardí Botànic de Madrid (MA)

Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo

Gómez, José

Laguna Lumbreras, Emilio

Peris, Juan B.

Roselló, Roberto

English

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Tipificació de dos noms Cavanillesians, Galium Fruticescens (Rubiaceae) i Scorzonera pumila (Compositae)

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Typification of two Cavanillesian names, Galium fruticescens (Rubiaceae) and Scorzonera pumila (Compositae)P. Pablo Ferrer-Gallego1, Roberto Roselló2, Emilio Laguna1, José Gómez3 & Juan B. Peris21. Servei de Vida Silvestre - CIEF (Centre per a la Investigació i Experimentació Forestal). Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d’Agricultura, Medi Ambient, Canvi Climàtic i Desenvolupament Rural. Av. Comarques del País Valencià, 114, 46930 Quart de Poblet, València. flora.cief@gva.es2. Departament de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València. Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n. 46100 Burjassot, València.3. Instituto Botánico, Sección de Sistemática, Etnobiología y Educación. Jardín Botánico de Castilla-La Mancha.  Avenida de La Mancha s/n. 02006 Albacete.The Cavanillesian names Galium fruticescens and Scorzonera pumila, basionym of Launaea pumila, are lec-totypified from original specimens preserved in the Cavanilles herbarium in the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid (MA).Keywords: Cavanilles, Compositae, Rubiaceae, lectotype, nomenclature.Tipificació de dos noms Cavanillesians, Galium Fruticescens (Rubiaceae) i Scorzonera pumila (Compositae)Els noms cavanillesians Galium fruticescens i Scorzonera pumila, basiònim de Launaea pumila, són lectotipi-ficats a partir d’espècimens que pertanyen al material original de l’autor conservat a l’herbari del Reial Jardí Botànic de Madrid (MA).Paraules clau: Cavanilles, Compositae, Rubiaceae, lectotip, nomenclatura.Antonio José (Joseph) Cavanilles (1745-1804) was the most outstanding botanist of the Spanish Enli-ghtenment. His contributions to the taxonomic knowledge of the world flora (more than 80 genera and 1000 taxa) are good proof of his significance (see e.g., Stafleu & Cowan, 1976; López Piñero & López Terrada, 1995). Garilleti (1993) studied the Cavani-lles’s herbarium, however he explicitly stated in the introduction to his work, that his aim was to study the Herbarium, and in any case a lectotypification of his taxa was achieved. In this sense, the author indicates that “Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar el herbario de A. J. Cavanilles, en ningún caso se ha concretado una lectotipificación de sus táxones” [Our aim was to study the herbarium of A. J. Cavanilles, in no case has materialized a lectotypification of their taxa] (Garilleti, 1993: 5; Garilleti, pers. comm.). Therefore, the type indication in this work only indicates the Cavanilles’s original material preserved in several herbaria, but does not constitute an effective typification according to Art. 7.11 of the ICN (Turland et al., 2018) because “designation of a type is achieved only if the type is definitely accepted as such by the typifying autor […]”.The purpose of this paper is to lectotypify of the names Galium fruticescens Cavanilles (1795: 3) and Launaea pumila Cavanilles (1793: 19). The designa-tion of the lectotypes is based on the consultation of Cavanilles’s original elements and the literature cited in the protologues.Lectotypification of the namesGalium fruticescens Cav.Galium fruticescens Cavanilles (1795: 3) is clo-sely related to G. lucidum All. (Ehrendorfer, 1976) a common species in South and Southern Europe, so that in some cases has been treated as a subspecies (Bolòs & Vigo, 1983; Ortega Olivencia & Devesa, 2007). Galium fruticescens is a plant without stolons, leaf margin is revolute and strongly scabrid, with pedi-cels relatively long and may be as longs as the diameter of the flowers, which may be up to 5 mm. The species is characterized by their leaves of the main stems usually 2,5 - 8 (18) mm, those of the non-floriferous branches mostly heavily incurred at least towards the apex and less than 5 (6) mm, with very thickened margins or NEMUSnúm. 9. 2019NEMUS núm. 9. 2019, pàg. 181 - 185 181revolute, and these characteristic are not found in G. lucidum. This plant inhabits altered scrubs, rocky and stony, very sunny slopes, subnitrophilous grasslands of road and highway margins, etc., on limestone, marl, limestone marl, gypsiferous loam and coastal sand in the East, Central and South-Central parts of the Ibe-rian Peninsula (Ortega Olivencia & Devesa, 2007).Cavanilles’s protologue (1795 : 3) consists of a diag-nosis “GALIUM caule frutescente : foliis linearibus, senis : pedunculis bifloris.”, followed by a complete des-cription of the plant, a geographical locality “Habitat copiose in montibus Valdignae, Enguerae, et prope Monasterium de la Murta”, and an illustration (Cava-nilles, 1795: icon 206, f. 2). A note is also provided in the protologue “A Thunbergio exemplar accepi in pro-montorio Bonae-Spei lectum, quod a Valentina planta nullatenus differt”. The Cavanilles’s icon is an excellent illustration that represents a complete plant, and it is suitable for the lectotype of the name.In the Cavanilles’s collection at MA (Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, Spain), there is a sheet that contains original material (MA barcode MA 150798) (image available at http://161.111.171.57/herbarioV/visorVCat.php?img=MA-01-00150798) (Fig. 1). The sheet bears a plant well developed and complete, and three fragments also with fruits, and is labelled “Galium fruticosum sp. / in Valdigna Enguera montibus” handwriting by Cavanilles (see also Garilleti, 1993: 206). We have not been able to locate any further original material in any consulted herbarium [e.g., at BM, C, G, LD, LINN, MA, MO, P (incl. P-LA and P-JU), UPS, acronyms according to Thiers (2019)].Ferrer-Gallego & Guara (2011: 85) indicated the sheet MA 150798 as “Typus”. Nevertheless, according to the Art. 7.11 of the ICN, they failed in not repor-ting the statement “designated here” (hic designatus) or an equivalent phrase, therefore the “typification” is ineffective. Among the Cavanilles’s original elements, the illustration included in the protologue and the spe-cimen at MA, we designate the specimen MA number 150798-1-1, as the lectotype of the name Galium fruticescens. This specimen matches the traditional and current concept of the name (see e.g., Willkomm & Lange, 1865; Ehrendorfer, 1976; Bolòs & Vigo, 1996; Ortega Olivencia & Devesa, 2007).Galium fruticescens Cav., Icon. Descr. Pl. 3: 3 (1795)≡ Galium lucidum subsp. fruticescens (Cav.) O. Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 14: 100 (1983).Ind. loc.: “Habitat copiose in montibus Valdignae, Enguerae et prope Monasterium de la Murta”.LECTOTYPUS (hic designatus): SPAIN. Valdigna, Enguera [Valencia], Cavanilles s.n., MA, barcode MA 150798 (image available at http://161.111.171.57/her-barioV/visorVCat.php? img=MA-01-00150798).Scorzonera pumila Cav.The genus Launaea (Cichorieae, Compositae) com-prises about 40 taxa (Tomb, 1977). Cavanilles (1793: 19) describes Scorzonera pumila, name currently accepted in the genus Launaea [as Launaea pumila (Cav.) Kuntze]. This species is distributed in North Africa (Morocco and Algeria) and Iberian Peninsula (Central, South and East parts, rarely in the Nor-theast part), and grows in dry gypsaceous, saline, loamy, limestone or clay soils. It is a perennial herba-ceous plant with leaves usually confined to lower half of stem, pinnatisect, and capitula 20-24 × 12-16 mm (Boulos, 1976; Mejías, 2017).Cavanilles’s protologue (1793: 19) consists of a diag-nosis “SCORZONERA acaulis, foliis pinnatis, pin-nulis linearibus glabris, apicibus albis” followed by a complete description, a geographical locality “Habitat prope Sucronis oppidum ad montis radices contra mare, et in incultis Noveldae ditionis”, and an excellent illustration (Cavanilles, 1793: icon 221, f. 3) that repre-sents a complete plant, and it is suitable for the lecto-type of the name.In the Cavanilles’s collection at MA, there is a sheet that contains original material, MA barcode 476254 (image available at http://herbario.rjb.csic.es/zoom3.php?filename=Scorzonera_pumilla_476254). The sheet bears eight plants well developed (five of these with flowers), and two fragments also with flowers, and is labelled “Scorzonera pinnata. humilis pumila / Icon. Tab. 121 / In maritimis Cullera, et in / collibus Novelda. / Maio 1791” handwriting by Cavanilles (see Garilleti, 1993: 228-229). We have not been able to locate any further original material in any consulted herbarium (e.g., at BM, C, G, LD, LINN, MA, MO, P [incl. P-LA and P-JU], UPS).In conclusion, among the Cavanilles’s original ele-ments, the illustration included in the protologue and the specimen at MA, we designate the specimen MA with barcode 4762541 as the lectotype of the name Scorzonera pumila. This specimen matches the tradi-tional concept and current use of the name (see e.g., Willkomm & Lange, 1865; Kuntze, 1891; Boulos, 1976; P. P. Ferrer-Gallego, et al. Typification of two Cavanillesian names182 NEMUS núm. 9. 2019, pàg. 181 - 185Bolòs & Vigo, 1996; Mateo et al., 2013; Mejías, 2017).Scorzonera pumila Cav., Icon. 2: 19, tab. 121, fig. 2 (inter IV et XI-1793).≡ Launaea pumila (Cav.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351 (1891).Ind. loc.: “Habitat prope Sucronis oppidum ad montis radices contra mare, et in incultis Noveldae ditionis”.LECTOTYPUS (hic designatus): SPAIN. Cullera [Valencia], Novelda [Alicante], V-1791, Cavanilles s.n., MA, barcode 476254 (Fig. 2) (image available at http://herbario.rjb.csic.es/zoom3.php?filename =Scorzonera_pumilla_476254).BibliographyBolòs, O. & Vigo, J. 1983. Notes sobre taxonomia i nomenclatura de plantes, II. Collectanea Botanica (Barcelona), 14: 89-104.Bolòs, O. & Vigo, J. 1996. Flora dels Països Catalans 3 (Pirolàcies-Compostes). Barcino, Barcelona.Boulos, L. 1976. Launaea Cass. In: Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A., Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R., Heywood, V. H., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.), Flora Europaea, 4: 326. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.Cavanilles, A. J. 1793. Icones et descriptiones plantarum, quae aut sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in hortis hospitantur, vol. 2. Ex Regia Typographia, Matriti. http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=239&Hojas=Cavanilles, A. J. 1795. Icones et descriptiones plantarum, quae aut sponte in Hispania crescunt, aut in hortis hospitantur, vol. 3. Ex Regia Typographia. Matriti.Ehrendorfer, F. (coll. Krendl, F. & Puff, C.) 1976. Galium L. In: Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A., Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R., Heywood, V. H., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (Eds.), Flora Europaea, 4: 14-36. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Ferrer-Gallego, P. P. & Guara, M. 2011. Táxones descritos para el Lugar de Interés Comunitario “Muela de Cortes y Caroche” y territorios limítrofes (Valencia, España), parte I. Flora Montiberica, 47: 71-93.Garilleti, R. 1993. Herbarium Cavanillesianum, seu, Enumeratio plantarum exsiccatarum aliquo modo ad novitates Cavanillesianas pertinentium, quae in Horti Regii Matritensis atque Londinensis Sociatatis Linnaeanae herbariis asservantur. Fontqueria, 38: 1-248.Kuntze, C. E. O. 1891. Revisio Generum Plantarum: vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomeclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum, vol. 2. A. Felix, Leipzig, 634 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.327López Piñero, J. M. & López Terrada, M. L. 1995. Bibliografía de Antonio José Cavanilles (1745 - 1804) y de los estudios sobre su vida y su obra. Asclepio, 47: 241-260.Mateo, G., Crespo, M. B. & Laguna, E. 2013. Flora Valentina, vol. 2. Fundación de la Comunidad Valenciana para el Medio Ambiente. Valencia.Mejías, J. A. 2017. Launaea Cass. In Talavera, S., Boira, A., Quintanar, A., García, M. Á., Talavera, M., Fernández Piedra, P & Aedo, C. (Eds.), Flora iberica 16(2): 859-870. Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C., Madrid.Ortega Olivencia, A. & Devesa, J. A. 2007. Galium L. In: Devesa, J. A., Gonzalo, R. & Herrero, A. (Eds.), Flora iberica, 15: 56-162. Real Jardín Botánico, C.S.I.C., Madrid.Stafleu, F. A. & Cowan, R. S. 1976. Taxonomic literature 1, Ed. 2. 1136 pp. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. Utrecht.Thiers, B. 2019. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 19/04/2018).Tomb, A. S. 1977. Lactuceae-systematic review. In: Heywood, V. H., Harborne, J. B. & Turner, L. (Ed. V. 11), The biology and chemistry of the Compositae: 1067-1079. Academic Press. London.Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018Willkomm, H. M. & Lange, J. 1865. Prodromus florae Hispanicae, Vol. 2. Sumtibus E. Schweizerbart (E. Koch). Stuttgart.Rebut el 15.01.19. Acceptat el 08.04.19.183NEMUS núm. 9. 2019, pàg. 181 - 185P. P. Ferrer-Gallego, et al.Typification of two Cavanillesian namesFIGURE 1. Lectotype of Galium fruticescens Cav. (MA 150798). Herbarium MA, reproduced with permission.Lectotip de Galium fruticescens Cav. (MA 150798). Herbari MA, reproduït amb permís.P. P. Ferrer-Gallego, et al. Typification of two Cavanillesian names184 NEMUS núm. 9. 2019, pàg. 181 - 185FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Scorzonera pumila Cav. (MA 476254). Herbarium MA, reproduced with permission.Lectotip de Scorzonera pumila Cav. (MA 476254). Herbari MA, reproduït amb permís.185NEMUS núm. 9. 2019, pàg. 181 - 185P. P. Ferrer-Gallego, et al.Typification of two Cavanillesian names

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Tipificació de dos noms Cavanillesians, Galium Fruticescens (Rubiaceae) i Scorzonera pumila (Compositae)

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