Two new species of the genus Islamia are described from the autonomous communities of Cantabria and Asturias (north of Spain). This genus is currently represented in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands by eight species and subspecies. The new species are compared with other congeneric species from which they differ in conchological characteristics.Es descriuen dues noves espècies del gènere Islamia procedents de les comunitats autònomes de Cantàbria i Astúries (nord d’Espanya). Aquest gènere actualment està representat a la península Ibèrica i Balears per vuit espècies i subespècies. Les noves espècies es comparen amb altres espècies congenèriques, de les quals es diferencien per diversos caràcters conquiliològics

Alonso, Álvaro

Quiñonero Salgado, Sergio

Rolán Mosquera, Emilio

Ruiz-Cobo, Jesús

Repositori UJI

Dues noves espècies del gènere Islamia (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) per al nord d’Espanya

Quiñonero-Salgado, Sergio

Repositori Institucional de la Universitat Jaume I

Two new species of the genus Islamia Radoman, 1973 (Gastropoda : Hydrobiidae) from the north of SpainJesús Ruiz-Cobo1, Alvaro Alonso2, Sergio Quiñonero-Salgado1* &  Emilio Rolán31 Associació Catalana de Malacologia, Museu Blau, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.2 C/ Infiesto 7, 33207, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.3  Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Santiago, Campus Norte, Parque Vista Alegre, 15782. Santiago de Compostela, Spain.* corresponding author: sergioqs85@hotmail.comTwo new species of the genus Islamia are described from the autonomous communities of Cantabria and Asturias (north of Spain). This genus is currently represented in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands by eight species and subspecies. The new species are compared with other congeneric species from which they differ in conchological characteristics.Keywords: Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae, Islamia, new species.Dues noves espècies del gènere Islamia (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) per al nord d’EspanyaEs descriuen dues noves espècies del gènere Islamia procedents de les comunitats autònomes de Cantàbria i Astúries (nord d’Espanya). Aquest gènere actualment està representat a la península Ibèrica i Balears per vuit espècies i subespècies. Les noves espècies es comparen amb altres espècies congenèriques, de les quals es diferencien per diversos caràcters conquiliològics.Mots clau: Gastropoda, Hydrobiidae, Islamia, espècie nova.IntroductionThe genus Islamia Radoman, 1973 is represented in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands by eight species and subspecies (Bech, 1990; Boeters, 1988; Boeters & Rolán, 1988; Bertrand et al. 1999; Arco-nada & Ramos 2006; Boeters & Beckmann, 2007; Arconada & Rolán, 2011), which are distributed across most of this territory: Islamia azarum  (Boe-ters & Rolán, 1988) is found in the north; in the nor-theast Islamia globulus (Bofill, 1909), Islamia lagari (Altimira, 1960) and Islamia ateni (Boeters, 1969); in the center, Islamia pallida Arconada & Ramos, 2006; in the south  Islamia henrici henrici Arconada & Ramos, 2006 and Islamia henrici giennensis Arco-nada & Ramos, 2006; and finally, in the Balearic Islands Islamia archeducis Boeters & Beckmann, 2007 is found in Mallorca.Two new species are here described from two different localities in the northwest of the penin-sula, showing a sympatric distribution with Islamia azarum, which has been described up to this date at eight localities around the center of Asturias and the northwestern most tip of Cantabria (Fig. 1).FIGURE 1. Map showing the known distribution of Islamia azarum, Islamia pistrini sp. n. and Islamia ayalga sp. n.Mapa amb la distribució coneguda d’Islamia azarum, Islamia pistrini sp. n. i Islamia ayalga sp. n.NEMUSnúm. 8. 2018NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93 85Material and MethodsThe specimens analyzed in the present work were collected from two different karstic springs located in two different autonomous communities, Astu-rias and Cantabria, during the years 2016 and 2017. Shells were collected via the sieving of sediment taken from stream pools about 0.5 m deep. Despite several thorough samplings at both locations, no live specimens were found, only empty shells.The sieves used for sorting the sediment were 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm mesh. Shells were there-after separated under a stereomicroscope for their determination. They were cleaned with water using a small brush.AbbreviationsMZB: Museu de Ciències Naturals de BarcelonaSEM: Scanning Electron MicroscopyCJRC: Collection of Jesús Ruiz-CoboCSQS: Collection of Sergio Quiñonero-SalgadoCAA: Collection of Alvaro Alonso s: ShellSystematicsFamily HYDROBIIDAE Stimpson, 1865Genus Islamia Radoman, 1973Type species: Islamia valvataeformis (Möllen-dorff, 1873: 59) = Horatia servaini Bour-guignat, 1887 (by original designation) Islamia ayalga sp. n.Fig 2, Fig 6B.Type materialHolotype (Fig. 2) in MZB 2018-0507. Paratypes: 1 s in MZB 2018-0508, 2 s in CJRC,  4 s in CSQS and 2 s in CAA. (Fig. 6B).Type localityCave (spring) of Caldueñín, Caldueñín, Llanes, Asturias (30TUP40), 175 m. (Fig.1 & Fig. 4A-B)The locality is found in the village of Caldueñín, from which the name of the spring is derived, in the municipality of Llanes, on the north slope of the Sierra del Cuera mountains, near the bottom of a wide valley running parallel to the coastline. Despite the relative proximity of the sea, the mountains have steep slopes. The cave is located in a calcareous for-mation, directly associated with the karstic system of el Mazuco. In the west side of the cave, at the Vega del Cubo (spring of Hoyu las Bolugas), is located the source of the Bolugas stream, a tributary of the river Llastrias which, after a short surface stretch (about 1.7 Km), ends in the cave of Bolugo. Further east, inside the cave of Caldueñín (short in extension but very wide), the stream appears again on the surface for only a few meters, then disappears again, retur-ning to the surface in the Cueva del Molín, which is the source of the Cortines River.EtymologyThe specific name refers to the Asturian word “ayalga”, a name given to a hidden treasure, or to the finding of a valuable object inside a cave.TABLE 1. Measurements of the shell of Islamia azarum from Borondes, Asturias (Spain). MIN: minimum. MAX: maximum. AV: average. SD: standard deviation. SH: shell height. SW: shell wide. PH: peristome height. PW: peristome width. n=10Mesures de la conquilla de Islamia azarum de Borondes, Asturias (Espanya) MIN: mínim. MAX: màxim. AV: mitjana. SD: desviació estàndard. SH: altura. SW: diàmetre. PH: altura de l’obertura. PW: amplada de l’obertura. n=10.SH SW PH PWMIN 1.39 1.35 0.78 0.68MAX 1.56 1.55 1.06 0.81AV 1.449 1.422 0.851 0.734SD 0.054 0.056 0.271 0.233TABLE 2. Measurements of the shell of Islamia ayalga sp. n. MIN: minimum. MAX: maximum. AV: average. SD: standard deviation. SH: shell height. SW: shell wide. PH: peristome height. PW: peristome width. n=10Mesures de la conquilla de Islamia ayalga sp. n. MIN: mínim. MAX: màxim. AV: mitjana. SD: desviació estàndard. SH: altura. SW: diàmetre. PH: altura de l’obertura. PW: amplada de l’obertura. n=10SH SW PH PWHolotype 1.48 1.44 0.78 0.66MIN 1.22 1.23 0.71 0.62MAX 1.52 1.45 0.84 0.71AV 1.381 1.365 0.781 0.664SD 0.093 0.077 0.050 0.033Jesús Ruiz-Cobo et al. Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spain86 NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93DescriptionSmall shell, of 1.23 to 1.45 mm in diameter and 1.22 to 1.52 mm high, slightly higher than wide, trochi-form, dextral, fragile, slightly brilliant and somewhat transparent. Protoconch with little more than one whorl with a nucleus of 160 µm and diameter of 420 µm. The surface is apparently smooth, but under high magnification a very faint microsculpture can be seen, formed by irregularly placed depressions (Fig. 2C-D) alternating with irregular shaped axial humps. Teleoconch of about 2.5 spire whorls, regu-larly convex and fast growing, showing a deep suture in between them. Smooth surface, but with abundant orthocline or slightly prosocline growth striae, which are more evident near the suture. Aperture almost circular, not adhered to the previous whorl, and sli-ghtly ovoid in the upper part. Peristome continuous and narrow. Umbilicus narrow and slightly deep.DimensionsThe holotype measures 1.48 mm high and 1.44 mm width. See Table 2 for further measurements.HabitatStygobiotic. No live material was found, the shells were transported from the groundwater to the FIGURE 2. Islamia ayalga sp. n. Holotipe. A-B: shell C-D: protoconch and detail of the microsculpture.Islamia ayalga sp. n. Holotip. A-B: conquilla. C-D: protoconquilla i detall de la microescultura.A BC D87NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93Jesús Ruiz-Cobo et al.Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spainsurface by the water current. No other stygobiotic mollusks were found in the sample.DistributionOnly known from the type locality.RemarksThis species can be differentiated from other similar species by these characteristics: Islamia henrici henrici and Islamia henrici giennensis have a much more visible peristome, and a less elevated shell; Islamia pallida has a less elevated shell and its aper-ture is more ovoid and adhered to the last whorl; A similar species in the area is Islamia azarum. Since its type locality has disappeared, samples from Borondes (second locality in the original descrip-tion) where measured for comparison (see Table 1), showing that azarum is slightly larger (see Fig. 5),  has a more globular shell and the last whorl is adhered to the previous one, the aperture is rounded and the umbilicus is slightly narrower. Furthermore its growth lines are more prosocline. (Fig. 6A).Islamia pistrini sp. n. (see below) is more elevated and narrower, the umbilicus is narrower, the aper-ture is ovoid and has an angulation on its upper part; the growth lines are very much prosocline.Islamia pistrini sp. n. Fig. 3, Fig 6C.Type materialHolotype (Fig. 3) in MZB 2018-0509.  Paratypes: 2 s in MZB 2018-0510, 4 s in CJRC,  3 s in CSQS and 2 s in CAA (Fig. 6C)Type localitySpring of el Molino Viejo de Ruiseñada, Comillas, Cantabria (30TUP90). 25 m. (Fig. 1 & Fig. 4C-D). The name of the spring refers to the existence of the ruins of an old water mill. The spring emerges in the contact zone of the Patrocinio Formation (den-dritic layers, with grey marls and sandstones) and the calcareous rocks of the San Esteban Formation, both from the Aptian. Part of the spring is nowa-days under a concrete reservoir and canalized, but the water emerges at  two different points, forming a small brook that soon joins the stream of Ruiseñada. Its water emerges at about 12-13o C. EtymologyThe specific name derives from the Latin word for a mill, pistrinum, remarking the presence of an old mill that gives name to the type locality.DescriptionSmall shell, from 1.55 to 2.02 mm in diameter and 1.82 to 2.30 mm high, slightly higher than wide, dex-tral, and with about 3.5 spiral whorls. Protoconch diameter of 460 µm and 1.1 spire whorls, nucleus of 180 µm. Its surface is covered by microdepressions (Fig. 3D-E) with some irregular lines (Fig 3C). Teleo-conch with about 2.2 convex whorls and marked suture, proximal area grooved, smooth surface, and strong prosocline growth striae.Aperture higher than half of the shell height, slightly ovoid, continuous peristome, more convex and sha-rper in the external lip. The contact of the aperture and the previous whorl is minimal, showing a slight angle in the merge of the external lip with the upper columella. Aperture slightly thickened and uni-formly curved, with everted edge towards the umbi-licus, which is narrow and deep.DimensionsThe holotype measures 1.93 mm high and 1.85 mm wide. See Table 3 for further measurements.TABLE 3. Measurements of the shell of Islamia pistrini sp. n. MIN: minimum. MAX: maximum. AV: average. SD: standard deviation. SH: shell height. SW: shell wide. PH: peristome height. PW: peristome width. n=12.Mesures de la conquilla d’Islamia pistrini sp. n. MIN: mínim. MAX: màxim. AV: mitjana. SD: desviació estàndard. SH: altura. SW: diàmetre. PH: altura de l’obertura. PW: amplada de l’obertura. n=12.SH SW PH PWHolotype 1.93 1.85 1.22 1.06MIN 1.82 1.55 0.94 0.90MAX 2.30 2.02 1.26 1.17AV 1.971 1.762 1.133 1.002SD 0.140 0.127 0.084 0.072Jesús Ruiz-Cobo et al. Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spain88 NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93HabitatStygobiotic. No live material was found, the shells were transported from the groundwater to the sur-face by the water current. No other stygobiotic mollusks were found in the sample.DistributionOnly known from the type locality.RemarksIslamia pistrini sp. n. can be differentiated from all the other members of the genus Islamia for its FIGURE 3. Islamia pistrini sp. n. Holotype. A-B: shell; C: protoconch and detail; D-E: protoconch and detail of the microsculpture.Islamia pistrini sp. n. Holotip. A-B: conquilla; C: protoconquilla i detall; D-E: protoconquilla i detall de la microescultura.A BCDE89NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93Jesús Ruiz-Cobo et al.Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spainconchological traits, particularly a narrow umbi-licus ovoid aperture with an angulation on its upper part, with prosocline growth lines, and a shell that is almost as wide as high.Islamia azarum has a shell which is wider, the umbi-licus also being wider, the aperture is rounded and lacking any angulation on its upper part, the surface of contact of the aperture with the previous whorl is smaller and the growth lines are prosocline but less than in I. pistrini sp. n.The nearest species in the area is Islamia azarum, which it is smaller (see Fig. 5).DiscussionThe new species described herein are included in the genus Islamia because they show clear differences with other similar genera: Tarraconia Ramos & Arco-nada, 2000 has a very distant distribution, and mor-phologically is characterized by more globular shells, circular aperture reinforced by a clear thickening, and last whorl with an overlapping area with the pre-vious whorl; Josefus Arconada & Ramos, 2006 has a flattened shell; Milesiana Arconada & Ramos, 2006 has a thickening in the peristome, and also a flattened shape; Boetersiella Arconada & Ramos, 2001 shows a thicker inner lip, hiding the umbilicus almost com-pletely; Chondrobasis Arconada & Ramos, 2001 has similar conchological traits to Boetersiella. FIGURE 4. A-B: spring cave of Caldueñín, habitat of Islamia ayalga sp. n. C-D: spring of El Molino Viejo de Ruiseñada, habitat of Islamia pistrini sp. n.A-B: cova brollador de Caldueñín, hàbitat de Islamia ayalga sp. n. C-D: brolllador del Molino Viejo de Ruiseñada, hàbitat de Islamia pistrini sp. n.A BDCJesús Ruiz-Cobo et al. Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spain90 NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93On the other hand, all the mentioned genera are geo-graphically very distant from the two new species. Only the genus Islamia, which also has representation in the south, center and east of the Iberian Peninsula, is located in the north, with two known species, also geographically very distant: Islamia globulus is present in Cataluña and Aragón (northeast peninsula), and Islamia azarum is present in Cantabria and Asturias, more or less in the same area as Islamia pistrini sp. n. and Islamia ayalga sp. n. (Fig. 1). Given all these rea-sons and their conchological similarities, we advocate for their inclusion in this genus.With these two new species, there are 10 known species of the genus Islamia in Spain. The two new species overlap in distribution with Islamia azarum, cited in Asturias and Cantabria (Boeters & Rolán, 1988; Arconada & Rolán, 2011; Ríos et al. 2015). A revision of the published record for this species is suggested, given the close proximity with the type locality of Islamia pistrini sp. n.Regarding the conservation of the species here treated, it may be noted that Islamia azarum is already included in the “Red Book” of Spanish inver-tebrates (Arconada & Rolán, 2011) and considered “vulnerable” by the IUCN (Arconada, 2011).In contrast, the two new species here described are both known from a single locality. In the case of Islamia ayalga sp. n., it is unlikely there will be any damage to the type locality, a well preserved cave with almost no human activity, and it may be pre-sent in the subterranean waters of Bolugas river and along the isolated Polje (karstic valley) that extends to the east. No specific conservation actions seem to FIGURE 5. Shell dimensions and size comparison between Islamia azarum, Islamia ayalga sp. n. and Islamia pistrini sp. n.; SH: shell height. SW: shell wide. PH: peristome height. PW: peristome width.Dimensions de la conquilla i comparació de mesures entre Islamia azarum, Islamia ayalga sp. n. i Islamia pistrini sp. n.; SH: altura. SW: diàmetre. PH: altura de l’obertura. PW: amplada de l’obertura.91NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93Jesús Ruiz-Cobo et al.Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of SpainFIGURE 6. Specimens of Islamia spp: A: Islamia azarum. B: Islamia ayalga sp. n. C: Islamia pistrini sp. n.Exemplars d’Islamia spp: A: Islamia azarum. B: Islamia ayalga sp. n. C: Islamia pistrini sp. nABC1 mmJesús Ruiz-Cobo et al. Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spain92 NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93be needed but the species should be protected and included in a Red List to avoid any potential damage to the aquifer, which is the most likely threat. In the case of Islamia pistrini sp. n., it is only known from an already altered spring and in a much more popu-lated area. In this case, not only should the species be protected and included in a Red List, but special care should be taken to avoid further alteration of the habitat, the mayor threats being water pollution from farming activities or the nearby limestone quarry and pipeline construction for human use of the water.AcknowledgementsWe thank Alain Bertrand for sharing some of the bibliog-raphy used in this work, Joaquín López Soriano for sugges-tions on the manuscript and to Inés Pazos in the Centro de Apoyo Científico y Tecnológico a la Investigación (CACTI) of the University of Vigo for the SEM photographs.BibliographyArconada, B. & Ramos M.A. 2006. Revision of the genus Islamia Radoman, 1973 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), on the Iberian Peninsula and description of two new genera and three new species. Malacologia, 48 (1-2): 77-132.Arconada, B. 2011. Islamia azarum. The IUCN Red List of Threate-ned Species 2011: e.T155724A4830875. Consulted 06 August 2018.Arconada, B & Rolán, E. 2011. Islamia azarum (Boeters & Rolán, 1988). 767-772 pp. In: Verdú, R., Numa, C & Galante, E. (Eds). Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados amenazados de España (Especies Vulnerables). Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, Madrid.Bech, M., 1990. Fauna malacològica de Catalunya. Molluscs te-rrestres i d’aigua dolça. Treballs de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 12: 60-63.Bertrand, A; Ripert, M & Vial, E. 1999. Notes sur la repartition des Hydrobiidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) dans le sud de la France et en Catalogne (Espagne). Mémoires de Biospéologie, XXVI: 139-145Boeters, H. D., 1988. Westeuropäische Moitessieriidae und Hydro-biidae in Spanien und Portugal (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia), Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 118: 181-261.Boeters, H,D. & Beckmann, K.-H. 2007. Islamia archeducis n. sp., ein neuer kleinprosobranchier von der Balearen-Insel Mallorca (Gas-tropoda:Hydrobiidae). In: Beckmann, K.-H., Die Land- und Susswas-sermollusken der Balearischen Inseln, 163–170. Conchbooks, Hac-kenheim.Boeters, H.D., & Rolán, E., 1988. Unknown West European pro-sobranchs, 9. Some new Spanish fresh- water prosobranchs. Basteria, 52: 197-202.Ríos, F., Gutiérrez, M. & Ruiz, S. 2015. Moluscos en la Cueva de Udías (Cantabria). Gota a Gota, 8: 53-59.Rebut el 8 de maig de 2018. Acceptat el 22 d’agost de 2018.93NEMUS núm. 8. 2018, pàg. 85-93Jesús Ruiz-Cobo et al.Two new species of the genus Islamia from the north of Spain

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Dues noves espècies del gènere Islamia (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) per al nord d’Espanya

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