Bruhn, Annette

Christiansen, Esben Rimi

Sloth, Jens Jørgen

Online Research Database In Technology

                       General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal   If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.     Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 20, 2017Toxic metals in European Ulva spp. – evaluation of potential use in food and feedapplicationsChristiansen, Esben Rimi; Bruhn, Annette; Sloth, Jens JørgenPublication date:2017Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Christiansen, E. R., Bruhn, A., & Sloth, J. J. (2017). Toxic metals in European Ulva spp. – evaluation of potentialuse in food and feed applications. Poster session presented at 7th Nordic seaweed conference, Grenaa,Denmark. Maximum levels (European Parliament, 2015 & 2017)Metals  Mean contents in Food Feed  European Ulva spp. (mg/kgWW) (mg/kg relative to a (mg/kgDW)  moisture content of 12 %)iAs 0.1 (N=7) 0.1‐0.3 (a) <2 (b)As 5.55 (N=27) No level defined 40 (b)Cd 0.81 (N=96) 3 (c) 0.5 (d)Pb 7.32 (N=96) 0.3‐3 (e) 5‐10 (f )Hg 0.15 (N=35) 0.5‐1 (g) 0.1‐0.5 (h)(a) different rice products, (b) feed materials derived from seaweed, (c) food supplements from dried seaweed, (d) complementary or complete feed, (e) leaf vegetables or food supplements, (f ) complete feed or complementary feed, (g) fishery products, (h) any feed material or fishery products. Abbreviations: dry weight (DW), wet weight (WW).Table 1. Mean contents of toxic metals in wild European Ulva spp. collected at non-contaminated sites and European maximum levels for food and feed.Figure 1. Concentrations of As. Cd. Pb and Hg in samples of wild European Ulva spp. from different marine areas and freshwater (AV±SE). As (mg/kg DW)Cd (mg/kg DW)Pb (mg/kg DW)Hg (mg/kg DW)03691215036912150102030405000.20.40.66.139.143.340.293 0.588 0.69961.662.897.012.067.7527.40.3710.1260.004790.116AtlanticOceanBalticSeaBlackSeaFreshwater MediterraneanSeaAtlanticOcean (N=11)Baltic Sea(N=5)Black Sea(N=0)Freshwater(N=0)MediterraneanSea (N=11)AtlanticOcean (N=13)Baltic Sea(N=17)Black Sea(N=7)Freshwater(N=3)MediterraneanSea (N=56)0510152025As (mg/kg DW)Pb (mg/kg DW)Figure 2. Arsenic concentration in wild European Ulva spp. from different non-contaminated marine areas and freshwater (interquartile ranges and outliers). Figure 4. Lead concentrations in wild European Ulva spp. from different non-contaminated marine areas and freshwater (Interquartile ranges and outliers).012345678Cd (mg/kg DW)Hg (mg/kg DW)Figure 3. Cadmium concentrations in wild European Ulva spp. from different non-contaminated marine areas and freshwater (interquartile ranges and outliers).Figure 5. Mercury concentrations in wild European Ulva spp. from different non-contaminated marine areas and freshwater (interquartile ranges and outliers). AtlanticOcean (N=13)Baltic Sea(N=17)Black Sea(N=7)Freshwater(N=3)MediterraneanSea (N=56)AtlanticOcean (N=19)Baltic Sea(N=11)Black Sea(N=1)Freshwater(N=0)MediterraneanSea (N=4)0102030405000.10.20.30.40.50.6Toxic metals in European Ulva spp.– evaluation of potential use in food and feed applicationsEsben Rimi Christiansen1, Annette Bruhn2 & Jens J. Sloth31Technical University of Denmark, Denmark • 2Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Denmark • 3DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DenmarkIntroductionThere is an increased interest in Europe to understand and evaluate the commercial potential of high-yielding European seaweed species such as Ulva spp. (European Commission, 2017). This study presents a literature analysis of the content of selected toxic trace metals in European Ulva spp. to assess its potential for application in the food or feed sector.Data collection and analysisThe data of this study has been found through the Web of Science (September 2017) using the following keywords: (Ulva OR sea lettuce OR Enteromorpha) AND (metal* OR trace element* OR Hg OR mercury OR Iod* OR arsen* OR Pb OR Cd OR cadmium).Only studies concerning the As-, Cd-, Pb- or Hg contents in Ulva spp. sampled from natural European populations were included in the study. In studies with several data points from samples from same location, only mean values were used. Statistical analyses were performed with JMP 13.0.0 (SAS Inc.). ResultsIn total 137 data points were extracted from 35 studies. The maximum concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Hg were 22, 23.6, 748 and 2.2 mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively. Aver-age concentrations of the complete dataset of the study (Fig 1) and a dataset excluding contaminated sites (Figs 2-5) were evaluated with respect to EU maximum levels (Euro-pean Parliament, 2015 and 2017). Only a few studies report of concentrations of inor-ganic arsenic (iAs), but a mean value of 0.057 ± 0.023 mg/kg DW was found for samples from the Mediterranean Sea. Discussion and concluding remarksConcentrations of total As, iAs and Cd in European Ulva spp. sampled at non-contaminated areas do not exceed the EU maximum levels. In contrast, concentrations of Pb and Hg exceeding the maximum levels have been reported, which could potentially limit the potential use of European Ulva spp. in food and/or feed applications. Further investigations are needed to further understand the factors that influence the concentration of toxic metals in Ulva spp.AcknowledgementsThis study has been conducted as a part of ”Tang.nu” supported by The Velux Foundations and Macrofuels.ReferencesEuropean Commission. (2017) GENIALG, Project ID: 727892, web page: http://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/206026_en.html, last visited 6 Oct 2017 •  European Parliament. (2015). DIRECTIVE 2002/32/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed • European Parliament. (2017). COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs

Toxic metals in European Ulva spp. – evaluation of potential use in food and feed applications

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/140588372/Poster_Ulva_TRYK.pdf

Toxic metals in European Ulva spp. – evaluation of potential use in food and feed applications

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Online Research Database In Technology