Hoffman, G. O.

English

Texas A&amp;M Repository

L-598NOXIOUS AND POISONOUS RANGEPLANT CONTROLGARLYN o. HOFFMANExtension Range Brush and Weed Control SpecialistThe Texas A&M University SystemUndesirable woody plants have increased and changed the plant composition of grassland savannahs to dense brushlands. Plant communitiescan be res,tored economically to their natural condition with chemical and mechanical methods properly used to improve herbaceous plant cover andforage production.KIND OF PLANTBitterweed, bittersneezeweed, carelessweed, cocklebur, commonbroomweed, croton,Russian thistle, ragweed,snow-on-the-mountain,snow-on-the-prairie,sunflower, threadleafgroundsel, all annualweedsJimmyweed orrayless goldenrodHorehoundPerennial locos-Earle, woolly, yellow-floweredMETHOD OF APPLICATIONFoliage spray - ground oraerial, to obtain completecoverage on all plants,wind less than 8 mph andtemperatures 55 to 85degrees F.Basal stem wetting spray,thorough coverageFoliage spray - ground oraerial, to obtain completecoverage on all plants,with wind less than 8 m,phand temperature 55 to 85degrees F.Foliage sprays - to obtaincomplete coverage on allplants, with wind less than8 mph and temperatures55 to 85 degrees F.Hand grubbing, 2 to 3 in.below soil surfaceSEASON OF APPLICATIONSpring-when young plantsare 4-6 in. tall, with goodgrowth and soil moistureconditions, before plantsbloomSpring or early summer-when plants are growingvigorouslyAt any time prior to flower-ing when plants have suffi-cient soil moisture to pro-duce vigorous growthOctober - March - whenplants are growing vigor-ously, before plants bloomor mature seedAt any time during yearCHEMICAL MIXTURE AND KIND OF EQUIPMENT NEEDEDPower sprayer with boomless nozzle or boom typeUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 1 lb. per acre in 15 to 25 gal.of water in areas receiving less than 25 in. of rainfall. Inareas with more than 25 in. of rainfall, use 2,4-0 amine, saltor acid at same rate and volume. Use 30 psi.Livestock sprayer with hand nozzleUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester or amine at 2 lb. per 100 gal.of water with surfactant. Use less than 100 psi, and. aNo. 6 orifice.AirplaneUse 2-4-0 low-volatile ester, amine, salt or acid at 1 lb. withwater at 4 gal. per acre. Use less than 40 psi.Power sprayerUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. of diesel oil.Use less than 100 psi, and a No. 4 orifice.Knapsack handsprayerUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. diesel oil.Use No. 8004 iet. Us 40 psi.Power sprayer with boomless nozzleUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 1 lb. per acre in 15 to 25 gal.of water at 30 psi.Livestock sprayer with hand nozzleUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 3 lb. per 100 gal. water withsurfactant.Power sprayer with boom or boomless nozzleUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 1 lb. in 15 to 25 gal. waterper acre at 30 psi.Livestock sprayer with hand nozzleUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. water, less100 psi, with a No. 4 or a No. 6 orifice.Knapsack handsprayerUse 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. water, lessthan 40 psi, with a No. 8004 iet.AirplaneUse 2,4-0 low-voratile ester at 1 lb., with 4 to 5 gal. waterper acre. Use less than 40 psi.Grubbing hoeAERIAL HIGH VOLUME OR FOLIAGE FOLIAGE TRUNK BASE SOIL SURFACEloverlKIND OF PLANTAnnual locos-Garbancillo, peavineMacartney rose-scattered standsundisturbed or with atop growth 3 yearsor olderMacartney rose-densestands undisturbed, orwith top growth3 years or olderMacartney rose-disturbed growthwith tops less than3 years oldMETHOD OF APPLICATIONFoliage sprays - to obtaincomplete coverage on allplants with wind less than8 mph and temperatures55 to 85 degrees F.Hand grubbing, piling andburningHigh-volume spray to obtaincomplete coverage to thepoint of runoff on allleaves, stems, canes andtrunks to groundline; do nottreat waterlogged plantsFoliage spray to obtaincomplete coverage withwind less than 10 mph andtemperatures 55 to 85degrees F.Foliage spray to obtaincomplete coverage withwind less than 10 mph andtemperatures 55 to 85degrees F.SEASON OF APPLICATIONSpring - when plants aregrowing vigorously, beforeplants mature seedAt any time before plantsmature seedSpring or fall-when plantsare growing vigorously,fully leafed, few yellowleaves; before susceptiblecrops are planted or afterharvest. Repeat treatmentof sprouts 18 to 24 monthsafter initial spraying; donot disturb dead top growthfor 2 to 2 V2 yearsSpring or fall-when plantsare growing vigorously,fully leafed; before suscep-tible crops are planted orafter harvestSpring or fall-when plantsare growing vigorously,fully leafed; before suscep-tible crops are planted. orafter harvestCHEMICAL MIXTURE AND KIND OF EQUIPMENT NEEDEDPower sprayer with boomless nozzleUse brush killer at 2 lb. per 15 to 25 gal. of water per acreat 30 psi.Livestock sprayer with hand nozzleUse brush killer at 8 lb. per 100 gal. water, less 100 psi,with a No. 4 or a No. 6 orifice.Grubbing hoeLivestock sprayer with hand nozzleUse 2,4-0 amine at 4 lb. per 100 gal. of water, plus 2 to 8oz. of surfactant at 150 to 300 psi, with a No. 6 or a No. 8orifice.Use 2,4-0 amine at 3 lb., plus dicamba at 1 lb. per 100 gal.of water, plus 2 to 8 oz. of surfactant at 150 to 300 psi,with a No. 6 or a No. 8 orifice.AirplaneUse 4 lb. of 2,4-0 amine per acre in the spring, or 3 lb. of2,4-0 low-volatile ester per acre in fall in 5 to 15 gal. ofsolution per acre in 21-ft. swaths.Power sprayer with boomless nozzleUse 2,4-0 amine or low-volatile ester at 2 lb. in 15 to 25gdl. of water per acre at 30 psi.AirplaneUse 2,4-0 amine or low-volatile ester at 2 lb. in 5 to 15 gal.of water per acre in 21-ft. swaths. Use 2,4-0 amine untilMay 1; use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester after May 1.Aerial applications (in regard to sprayer pressure, wind velocity and direction, air temperature, distance to remain from susceptible crops anddroplet size of spray solution) should be made in accordance with Texas Herbicide Regulations administered by the Texas Department of Agriculture.Suggestions for herbicide use are based upon the following: effectiveness of materials; avoiding residues in excess of allowable tolerances;avoiding toxicity to economic plants, animals and humans; and avoiding detrimental side effects to the environment of the treated area. Rates for herbicideuse in Texas are usually below rates on EPA-approved labels. However, the herbicide user is always responsible for the effects of residues on his ownforage crops or livestock as well as for problems caused by drift or movement of the herbicide from his property to other properties. Should questionsarise concerning the current label status of any approved herbicide, contact your county Extension agent or the range specialists of the Texas AgriculturalExtension Service, The Texas A&M University System.Tolerances for 2,4,S-T and 2,4-0 have been extended for rangeland and pastureland use at a maximum rate for broadcast application of 4 Ibs. acidequivalent per application. Tolerance for dicamba amine has been set at 40 ppm that can remain on forage and be consumed by grazing animals.Meat animals are not to be grazed in freshly treated pastures within 30 days before slaughter, but forages used for dairy animals have specific timelimits for grazing and for hay. (Refer to EPA-approved labeL)FOLLOW DIRECTIONS ON APPROVED LABELS ON HERBICIDE CONTAINERS. IF THESE PRECAUTIONS ARE OBSERVED, THERE SHOULD BE NO DANGER OFEXCESS RESIDUES.The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made withthe understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is impliedEducational programs conducted by the Texas Ag1'icultural Extel/sion Service serve people of all ages regardless of socio-ecol/olllic levels, race,color, sex, religion or national origin.Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, The Texas A&M University System and the United States Department ofAgriculture cooperating. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended and June 30, 1914.IOM-II-73, Revised RM3-1

Noxious and Poisonous Range Plant Control.

Texas A&M University

L-598
NOXIOUS AND POISONOUS RANGE
PLANT CONTROL
GARLYN o. HOFFMAN
Extension Range Brush and Weed Control Specialist
The Texas A&M University System
Undesirable woody plants have increased and changed the plant composition of grassland savannahs to dense brushlands. Plant communities
can be res,tored economically to their natural condition with chemical and mechanical methods properly used to improve herbaceous plant cover and
forage production.
KIND OF PLANT
Bitterweed, bitter
sneezeweed, careless
weed, cocklebur, common
broomweed, croton,
Russian thistle, ragweed,
snow-on-the-mountain,
snow-on-the-prairie,
sunflower, threadleaf
groundsel, all annual
weeds
Jimmyweed or
rayless goldenrod
Horehound
Perennial locos-
Earle, woolly, yellow-
flowered
METHOD OF APPLICATION
Foliage spray - ground or
aerial, to obtain complete
coverage on all plants,
wind less than 8 mph and
temperatures 55 to 85
degrees F.
Basal stem wetting spray,
thorough coverage
Foliage spray - ground or
aerial, to obtain complete
coverage on all plants,
with wind less than 8 m,ph
and temperature 55 to 85
degrees F.
Foliage sprays - to obtain
complete coverage on all
plants, with wind less than
8 mph and temperatures
55 to 85 degrees F.
Hand grubbing, 2 to 3 in.
below soil surface
SEASON OF APPLICATION
Spring-when young plants
are 4-6 in. tall, with good
growth and soil moisture
conditions, before plants
bloom
Spring or early summer-
when plants are growing
vigorously
At any time prior to flower-
ing when plants have suffi-
cient soil moisture to pro-
duce vigorous growth
October - March - when
plants are growing vigor-
ously, before plants bloom
or mature seed
At any time during year
CHEMICAL MIXTURE AND KIND OF EQUIPMENT NEEDED
Power sprayer with boomless nozzle or boom type
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 1 lb. per acre in 15 to 25 gal.
of water in areas receiving less than 25 in. of rainfall. In
areas with more than 25 in. of rainfall, use 2,4-0 amine, salt
or acid at same rate and volume. Use 30 psi.
Livestock sprayer with hand nozzle
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester or amine at 2 lb. per 100 gal.
of water with surfactant. Use less than 100 psi, and. a
No. 6 orifice.
Airplane
Use 2-4-0 low-volatile ester, amine, salt or acid at 1 lb. with
water at 4 gal. per acre. Use less than 40 psi.
Power sprayer
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. of diesel oil.
Use less than 100 psi, and a No. 4 orifice.
Knapsack handsprayer
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. diesel oil.
Use No. 8004 iet. Us 40 psi.
Power sprayer with boomless nozzle
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 1 lb. per acre in 15 to 25 gal.
of water at 30 psi.
Livestock sprayer with hand nozzle
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 3 lb. per 100 gal. water with
surfactant.
Power sprayer with boom or boomless nozzle
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 1 lb. in 15 to 25 gal. water
per acre at 30 psi.
Livestock sprayer with hand nozzle
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. water, less
100 psi, with a No. 4 or a No. 6 orifice.
Knapsack handsprayer
Use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester at 8 lb. per 100 gal. water, less
than 40 psi, with a No. 8004 iet.
Airplane
Use 2,4-0 low-voratile ester at 1 lb., with 4 to 5 gal. water
per acre. Use less than 40 psi.
Grubbing hoe
AERIAL HIGH VOLUME OR FOLIAGE FOLIAGE TRUNK BASE SOIL SURFACE
loverl
KIND OF PLANT
Annual locos-
Garbancillo, peavine
Macartney rose-
scattered stands
undisturbed or with a
top growth 3 years
or older
Macartney rose-dense
stands undisturbed, or
with top growth
3 years or older
Macartney rose-
disturbed growth
with tops less than
3 years old
METHOD OF APPLICATION
Foliage sprays - to obtain
complete coverage on all
plants with wind less than
8 mph and temperatures
55 to 85 degrees F.
Hand grubbing, piling and
burning
High-volume spray to obtain
complete coverage to the
point of runoff on all
leaves, stems, canes and
trunks to groundline; do not
treat waterlogged plants
Foliage spray to obtain
complete coverage with
wind less than 10 mph and
temperatures 55 to 85
degrees F.
Foliage spray to obtain
complete coverage with
wind less than 10 mph and
temperatures 55 to 85
degrees F.
SEASON OF APPLICATION
Spring - when plants are
growing vigorously, before
plants mature seed
At any time before plants
mature seed
Spring or fall-when plants
are growing vigorously,
fully leafed, few yellow
leaves; before susceptible
crops are planted or after
harvest. Repeat treatment
of sprouts 18 to 24 months
after initial spraying; do
not disturb dead top growth
for 2 to 2 V2 years
Spring or fall-when plants
are growing vigorously,
fully leafed; before suscep-
tible crops are planted or
after harvest
Spring or fall-when plants
are growing vigorously,
fully leafed; before suscep-
tible crops are planted. or
after harvest
CHEMICAL MIXTURE AND KIND OF EQUIPMENT NEEDED
Power sprayer with boomless nozzle
Use brush killer at 2 lb. per 15 to 25 gal. of water per acre
at 30 psi.
Livestock sprayer with hand nozzle
Use brush killer at 8 lb. per 100 gal. water, less 100 psi,
with a No. 4 or a No. 6 orifice.
Grubbing hoe
Livestock sprayer with hand nozzle
Use 2,4-0 amine at 4 lb. per 100 gal. of water, plus 2 to 8
oz. of surfactant at 150 to 300 psi, with a No. 6 or a No. 8
orifice.
Use 2,4-0 amine at 3 lb., plus dicamba at 1 lb. per 100 gal.
of water, plus 2 to 8 oz. of surfactant at 150 to 300 psi,
with a No. 6 or a No. 8 orifice.
Airplane
Use 4 lb. of 2,4-0 amine per acre in the spring, or 3 lb. of
2,4-0 low-volatile ester per acre in fall in 5 to 15 gal. of
solution per acre in 21-ft. swaths.
Power sprayer with boomless nozzle
Use 2,4-0 amine or low-volatile ester at 2 lb. in 15 to 25
gdl. of water per acre at 30 psi.
Airplane
Use 2,4-0 amine or low-volatile ester at 2 lb. in 5 to 15 gal.
of water per acre in 21-ft. swaths. Use 2,4-0 amine until
May 1; use 2,4-0 low-volatile ester after May 1.
Aerial applications (in regard to sprayer pressure, wind velocity and direction, air temperature, distance to remain from susceptible crops and
droplet size of spray solution) should be made in accordance with Texas Herbicide Regulations administered by the Texas Department of Agriculture.
Suggestions for herbicide use are based upon the following: effectiveness of materials; avoiding residues in excess of allowable tolerances;
avoiding toxicity to economic plants, animals and humans; and avoiding detrimental side effects to the environment of the treated area. Rates for herbicide
use in Texas are usually below rates on EPA-approved labels. However, the herbicide user is always responsible for the effects of residues on his own
forage crops or livestock as well as for problems caused by drift or movement of the herbicide from his property to other properties. Should questions
arise concerning the current label status of any approved herbicide, contact your county Extension agent or the range specialists of the Texas Agricultural
Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System.
Tolerances for 2,4,S-T and 2,4-0 have been extended for rangeland and pastureland use at a maximum rate for broadcast application of 4 Ibs. acid
equivalent per application. Tolerance for dicamba amine has been set at 40 ppm that can remain on forage and be consumed by grazing animals.
Meat animals are not to be grazed in freshly treated pastures within 30 days before slaughter, but forages used for dairy animals have specific time
limits for grazing and for hay. (Refer to EPA-approved labeL)
FOLLOW DIRECTIONS ON APPROVED LABELS ON HERBICIDE CONTAINERS. IF THESE PRECAUTIONS ARE OBSERVED, THERE SHOULD BE NO DANGER OF
EXCESS RESIDUES.
The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with
the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is implied
Educational programs conducted by the Texas Ag1'icultural Extel/sion Service serve people of all ages regardless of socio-ecol/olllic levels, race,
color, sex, religion or national origin.
Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, The Texas A&M University System and the United States Department of
Agriculture cooperating. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended and June 30, 1914.
IOM-II-73, Revised RM3-1


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Noxious and Poisonous Range Plant Control.

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Texas A&M Repository

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Noxious and Poisonous Range Plant Control.

Abstract

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Full text

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Texas A&amp;M Repository

Texas A&M University

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