Masselink et al. (2016) addressed the concept of connectivity addresses the spatial and temporal variability
in runoff, sediment transport and associated substances such as pollutants and how these move through the
catchment. Sediment connectivity explains which sediment sources contribute and where (semi-) permanent sinks
and pathways of sediment are (Bracken & Croke, 2007). The Mediterranean eco-geomorphological landscape is
highly dependent on the climatic conditions. Its elements form the spatial patterns of landscapes, which control the
structural connectivity. The existence of rainfall gradients in the Mediterranean region has been well-documented
(Lavee et al., 1998) along which those elements are modified by the spatio-temporal variability of rainfalls. The
characteristics of those elements are modified from the rainiest to the driest regions following a positive feedback
process leading to soil erosion and degradation. As the climate becomes less rainy, the patchy vegetation pattern
becomes frequent and bare soil areas can be easily connected whether the magnitude and intensity of rainfall
exceed a certain threshold (Cammeraat, 2004). The interaction between topography and processes occurring
within catchments is key to understanding dynamics of hydrological connectivity (Wainwright et al, 2011).
Our study evaluated the hydrological and sediment connectivity between sections (top, middle and bottomchannel)
from three grazed hillslopes located under contrasted Mediterranean climatic conditions. Rain-gauge
stations and opened-plots were installed in order to register overland flow and sediment concentration from
Feb-2008 to Jan-2010. The results indicated that: i) major volumes of overland flow and sediment transport
occurred more frequently in humid and semiarid sites; ii) the more frequent hydrological connectivity was
observed between the middle and bottom-channel sections, though the major values of overland flow and sediment
concentration were registered in the upper sections; iii) it was found very frequent those rainfall events in which
all sections contributed with overland flow and sediment to the channel; iv) the factors controlling hydrological
and sediment connectivity varied from one site to another depending on the rainfall regime and vegetation cover,
though the soil surface conditions were found a key factor in all of them. In summary, the grazing activity
contribute to distance the hydrological and sediment connectivity processes from three hillslopes located under
contrasted Mediterranean climatic conditions from the response expected for the three of them.
References
Bracken LJ, Croke J. 2007. The concept of hydrological connectivity and its contribution to understanding
runoff-dominated geomorphic systems. Hydrological Processes 21: 1749–1763.
Cammeraat ELH. 2004. Scale dependent thresholds in hydrological and erosion response of a semi-arid catchment
in Southeast Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104: 317–332.
Lavee H, Imeson AC, Sarah P. 1998. The impact of climate change on geomorphology and desertification along a
Mediterranean-arid transect. Land Degrad. Develop. 9: 407-422.
Masselink RJH, Keesstra SD, Temme AJAM, Seeger M, Giménez R, Casalí J. 2016. Modelling discharge and
sediment yield at catchment scale using connectivity components. Land Degrad. Develop. 27: 933-945.
Wainwright J, Turnbull L, Ibrahim TG, Lexartza-Artza I, Thornton SF, Brazier R. 2011. Linking environmental
regimes, space and time: interpretations of structural and functional connectivity. Geomorphology 126: 387–404.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
