United States Agency for International Developmen

Mahuku, George S.

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AR-NAFAKA Project Aflatoxin Management: 2016–2017 ProgressGeorge MahukuInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture  Africa RISING - NAFAKA Scaling Project End-of-project phase Review Meeting Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 3-4 July 2017What is Aflatoxin• Aflatoxin is a poison produced by Aspergillus spp. • A. flavus and A. parasiticus• Aspergillus is found in the soil and on dead & decaying organic matter• Aflatoxin is colourless – can not be seen• Grain with no visible signs of A. flavus can contain high amounts of aflatoxin• Laboratory tests only way to determine presence of aflatoxinsHealth Impacts of mycotoxins• Toxicity of mycotoxins can be acute or chronic, and results in:• Disorders in the digestive system• Compromised gastrointestinal function, interfering with absorption of nutrients• Deterioration of liver, renal or kidney function• Immune suppression• Cancer of the liver and oesophagus• Birth defects and neural tube defects• Impairment of child growth and development (stunting)• Death – exposure to high dosesDaily News, June 20, 16Symptoms• Tanzania: 2016• 65 cases reported• 19 fatalities• Vomiting• Diarrhea• Swelling of abdomen • Yellowing of eyes Mycotoxin Awareness is very lowAflatoxin awareness in Tanzania0102030405060708090100BabatiHanangKitetoSumbawangaNkasiIfajaraKilosaMbingaSongea RuralChamwinoNanyumbuMasasiIringa RuralUramboNzegaKahamaBukombeNot AwareAwareAflatoxinawareneslevel (%)DistrictsInterventionsAwareness creationAflatoxins and health impacts Interventions Sensitization meetingsGroup Male Female TotalGovernment 139 38 177Farmers 938 184 1122Total 1077 222 1299KitetoChamwinoKibaigwaFarm field day (Kongwa)Male Female Total310 258 568Media Familiarization DayMale Female Total24 14 38Aflatoxin management brochure• Finalizing brochure (put a photo of brochure here. Take a screen short)Group Male Female TotalGovernment 24 3 27Farmers 38 13 51Total 62 16 78• Pre-testing Integrated approach to manage aflatoxinsAggregationIntervention technologiesInputs  & training to improve productivityFarmer groups/ value chain/FinanceTraining for pre/postharvest aflamanagementAwareness and sensitizationsPolicy and advocacyMarket linkagesAflatoxin testingInterventions testing• Aflatoxin bio-control• Conducted aflatoxin biocontrol trails• Use of Aspergillus flavus strains that do not produce toxins• Naturally outcompete the toxic producing strains, reducing their population and hence aflatoxin • 4 Regions • Manyara• Dodoma• Mtwara• MorogoroAspergillus flavus life cycleAtoxigenic strains will reach maize, instead of toxigenic strains  =  reduced aflatoxin contaminationCompetitive exclusionDeadly (3,700 ppb & 2,270 ppb)533 ppbHolaLittle to No aflatoxin  contaminationTreated FieldatoxigenictoxigenicHigh aflatoxin  contaminationtoxigenicatoxigenicNon treated FieldBiocontrol with Atoxigenic strains Non-treated FieldCrop fungal content is the same in treated and untreated fieldsAflatoxin reduced by >80%Treated FieldAflasafe DevelopmentAflasafe TZ01 (Region-specific)Aflasafe TZ02 (Tanzania specific)S/N Isolate Haplotype Isolate Haplotype1 TMS199-3 BOWAGA TMS64-1 BOHAMA2 TGS364-2 BOHIYA TGS55-6 BAQARA3 TMH 30-8 BOHOCO TMS205-5 BAQEDA4 TMH104-9 BOPAJI TMS137-3 BOHAJUCoating sorghumSterilizing sorghumAflasafe efficacy results 2016Region District Crop TreatmentMean Aflatoxin (ppb)Reduction (%)Morogoro Kilosa Maize Treated 1.4 51.8Control 2.9Kilombero Maize Treated 0.5 95.6Control 11.9Manyara Babati Maize Treated 1.9 77.7Control 8.5Dodoma Mpwapwa Groundnut Treated 145.8 57.3Control 341.4Kibaigwa TownshipMaize Treated 2.2 75.8Control 9.1Mtwara Masasi Groundnut Treated 21.9 94.6Control 401.0Nanyumbo Groundnut Treated 57.4 82.5Control 326.8Aflasafe Trials - 2017Region District Number of Trails ObservationSongwe Mbozi (M) 20 Not TreatedDodomaMpwapwa (G) 30 4 fields same of 2016 seasonKongwa (G) 12Kongwa (M) 20Kiteto (M) 20Kondoa (M) 20Chemba (M) 20Chiamwino (M) 20Kibaigwa (M) 20 10 treated in 2017 and 10 from 2016MorogoroKilosa (M) 30 4 fields same of 2016 seasonKilombero (M) 30 4 fields same of 2016 seasonMtwaraMasasi (G) 26Nanyumbo (G) 26Total 294Way Forward• Aflatoxin sensitization meetings (Iringa rural, Kilolo and Vbomero districts)• Media training workshop (Dare s Salaam and Morongoro) – July 17-21• Printing and dissemination of bronchure• Afaltoxin analysis for efficacy trails• Microbial analysis• Finalize registration dossier and Aflsafe registrationChallenges• Registration of Aflasafe – wide scale dissemination not possible if not registered• Drought – the year started very late, so all activities were delayed.Meeting the targetsIndicator Target Numberreached4.5.2(2) Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance 200 ha 2944.5.2(5) Number of farmers and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of USG assistance200 plots 2944.5.2 (7) Number of individuals who have received USG supported short-term agricultural sector productivity or food security training15,000 -4.5.2 (11) Number of food security private enterprises (for profit), producers organizations, water users associations, women's groups, trade and business associations, and community-based organizations (CBOs) receiving USG assistance 200 2,140 (1,530 male: 613 female)4.5.2 (13) Number of rural households benefiting directly from USG interventions15,000 -PartnershipsARI- NaliendeleMycotoxin steering committeeUSDA – ARSFarmersDAICOsMinistry of AgricultureAfrica RISINGNMISTNAFAKA Private sectorFinancial support –USAID USDA-FASBill & Melinda Gates FoundationSnap shot of activitiesAflasafe production for 2017 season• 4 tons for Zambia • 2 tons Aflasafe ZM01• 2 tons Aflasafe ZM02• 3 tons for Malawi • 1.5 tons Aflasafe MW01• 1.5 tons Aflasafe MWMZ01• 4 tons for Mozambique • 2.5 tons Aflasafe MZ01• 2.5 tons Aflasafe MWMZ01• 4 tons Aflasafe Tanzania • 2 tons Aflasafe TZ01• 2 tons Aflasafe TZ02• Quality control (QC) positive!Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generationafrica-rising.netThis presentation is licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.

AR-NAFAKA Project Aflatoxin Management: 2016-2017 Progress

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/89001/1/ar_mahuku_jul2017.pdf

AR-NAFAKA Project Aflatoxin Management: 2016-2017 Progress

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