United States Agency for International Developmen

Grabowski, Philip

Musumba, Mark

Palm, Cheryl

Snapp, Sieglinde S.

Palm, Cheryl A.

CGSpace

Photo Credit Goes HereMark Musumba1, Philip Grabowski2, Cheryl Palm1, Sieglinde Snapp21University of Florida 2Michigan State University Africa RISING West Africa Planning Meeting, Accra, Ghana. 1-2 February 2017Introducing the sustainable intensificationassessment frameworkResearch Projects: SI Assessment FrameworkLead: University of Florida and Michigan State University Sieglinde SnappLead PI(Michigan St. Univ.)Philip Grabowski(Michigan St. Univ.)Cheryl PalmLead PI( Univ. Florida )Mark Musumba(Univ. Florida)Presentation OutlineIntroduction to the sustainable intensification assessment frameworkIntended use of the framework Assessing trade-offs and synergies – Indicator selection Application of SI Assessment framework to field and household dataWay forward Questions and comments Sustainable Intensification Indicator Project – Project initiative conceived based on a series of stakeholder meetings on SI indicators held in Africa and USA 2012-2014. – The goal of the project is to develop and recommend indicators and metrics for SI within a framework of five domains at four scales.• Use by agricultural scientists working in research for development projects -- but is flexible and can be used by scientists interested in sustainable intensification.Approach to refining indicator list• Synthesis of literature and stakeholder expertise to obtain list of indicators, metrics and methods at the four scales and identify gaps.• Engage scientists and project managers involved in SI to curate the list of indicators and methods.– Meeting and field visit in Mali (October 2015)• Discussion and meeting with steering committee and AfricaRISING scientist.• Field visit to AfricaRISING sites and MV site– Ethiopia visit in November 2015 (AfricaRISING)• Visit to AfricaRISING sites• Interaction with project partners and scientist • Update the framework indicators and protocol (metric methods) list– Rwanda (CIALCA)  (February and March 2016)– Online survey of scientist working in sustainable intensification research projects (May – July 2016)Three primary uses of the SI indicator assessment framework 1. Guide for indicator identification and selection 2. Assessing performance of technologies 3. Examine trade-offs and synergies Testing phase (pre-adoption) Dissemination Five domains of Sustainable IntensificationSocialEconomicHuman condition EnvironmentProductivityWhy 5 domains and 4 scales? FieldFarm/HouseholdLandscape/AdministrativeDOMAIN EXAMPLE INDICATORS ProductivityYield Fodder productionYield variabilityYield gapEconomic ProfitabilityReturns to labor Variability of profitabilityEnvironmentalPlant biodiversityNutrient balanceHuman ConditionNutritionFood SecurityNutrition AwarenessSocial Equity (gender & marginalized groups)Level of collective actionSCALESI Indicators are not new? • Mesmis framework (Ridaura-Lopez et. al, 2005)  over 20 case studies in Mexico and Latin America • Framework for sustainability and decision support (Zurek et al. 2015) • System for Environmental and Agricultural Modelling – Linking European Science and Society – Integrated Framework (SEAMLESS –IF) (van Ittersum et al., 2008)• Indicators for SI across 5 domains – progress and gaps (Smith et al. 2016)What the framework is not intended to do• It is not intended to replace other frameworks used by individual programs or projects, but rather to provide a simplified, common framework that facilitates cross-program learning and assessment.•• The framework is not intended to define or quantify absolute ‘sustainability’ or pre-determine an ultimate state of sustainability or specific practices that lead to sustainability.• It is not intended to cover all dimensions or scales of sustainability but only those commonly focused on by agricultural R&D projects, but flexible enough to be adaptable to different scales of interest. Meeting with IP member in Kayonza Banana mono-crop (FHIA – 17) in KayonzaField visit with CIALCA & IP members - Kayonza Banana-bean intercrop  - KayonzaRwanda – (Consortium for improvement of Agricultural livelihood in CentralAfrica )CIALCAEnset (false banana)Soil and water conservation in wheat fieldsStorage of seed potatoes Tree Lucerne Ethiopia –Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa RISING)SIIL: Focus CountriesTable 1. Commonly measured indicators used by 44 researchers involved in SI who participated in an on-line surveyFigure 1:  Indicators of sustainable intensification, ranked by average level of agreement (maximum, 3 = strongly agree and minimum, -3 = strongly disagree). Indicator Field/plot level metricsFarm level metricsHousehold level metricsCommunity/ Landscape + metricsMeasurement methodCrop productivityYield (kg/ha/season) a,b,c(including tree product/area under crown) Rating of yield dYield (kg/ha/season) a,b,cNet primary productivity (NPP) (kg biomass / ha / yr) ea Yield measurements  b Recall survey c Crop models d Farmer evaluatione Remote sensingCrop residue productivityResidue production (kg/ha/season) a,b,cRating of residue production dResidue production (kg/ha/season) a,b,cNet primary productivity (NPP) (kg biomass / ha / yr) eSame as for YieldAnimal productivityAnimal products and by-products (amount / animal / year) a,bRating of animal productivity cAnimal productivity per unit land (product / ha / yr) a,bHerd compositionAnimal productivity per household (product / hh / yr) a,bNet commercial offtake (product / ha / yr) aa Recall survey b Production measurementsc Farmer evaluationCrop cut for wheat fertilizer response trial –Africa RISING EthiopiaEnumerator and farmer – recall survey ZambiaHandheld GPS for measuring field areaCrop productivity – yield cuts or farmer recallPigeonpea intercropping in MalawiSystems compared:• Unfertilized maize - Continuous sole maize• Fertilized maize - Continuous sole maize with 69 kg N/ha fertilizer• Maize-Pigeonpea - intercrop with 35 kg N/ha fertilizer• Doubled up legume – Groundnut-Pigeonpea intercrop rotated with maize (35 kg N/ha fertilizer in maize phase)Data sources:1) On-farm trials 2) APSIM modeling results 3) Survey dataConclusions1. Pigeonpea intercropping can reduce risk from climatic variability 2. The SI indicator framework facilitated holistic analysis of legume systems and the identification of important data gaps3. A transdisciplinary approach (interdisciplinary research collaboratively engaging with farmers) is needed to develop and assess management practices for sustainable intensification0.002.004.006.008.0010.0012.002007 2009 2011Number of Months YearsFigure 1. Number of months with enough food to eatMbola - TanzaniaMwandama - Malawi00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Months of food security (Max =12months)Percentage of land allocated tomaize (max=100%)Maize yield (Max = 3500Kg/ha))Cropping intensity (Max = 2)Sales volume (Max = 100%)Kg of N/Ha (Max =100KgN/Ha) Soil fertility managementpractices used (Max=3)Area cultivated (Max = 7 ha)Performance of households in Mbola and Mwandama in 2009 Mwandama - 2009 Mbola - 200900.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Months of food security (Max =12months)Percentage of land allocated tomaize (max=100%)Maize yield (Max = 3500Kg/ha))Cropping intensity (Max = 2)Sales volume (Max = 100%)Kg of N/Ha (Max =100KgN/Ha) Soil fertility managementpractices used (Max=3)Area cultivated (Max = 7 ha)Perfomance of Mwandama and Mbola Households in 2011Mwandama - 2011 Mbola - 2011Conclusion • Goal oriented approach – Use framework to select appropriate indicators across domains– Whether the indicators have changes over time (baseline/reference point)– Distribution on output indicators Data visualization strategies to assess trade-offsA. Tabular matrices B. Bar charts C. Scatterplots D. Matrix of scatterplotsE. Spider diagramsF. Radial diagramsG. Petal diagrams H. Spatially explicit maps  Kanter et al. 2016. Agricultural Systems. Way forward• Application of SI Assessment Framework • SIIL scientists and Africa RISING• Completion of the manual• Description of indicators and metrics• Standard measurement and alternative measure• Data collection methods and estimation• Limitation of measures. www.feedthefuture.gov

Introducing the sustainable intensification assessment framework

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Introducing the sustainable intensification assessment framework

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