Alabi, Tunrayo

Barona, Elizabeth

Beebe, Stephen E.

Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.

Cardona, Jorge

Castaño, Silvia Elena

Dixon, John

Espinosa, Herlin

Guevara, Edward D.

Hyman, Glenn

Krishna Gumma, Murali

Rivera, Ovidio

Sivasankar, Shoba

Hyman, Glenn G.

CGSpace

Geographic priorities for research and development on dryland cereals and legumes (DCL)Glenn Hyman1, Elizabeth Barona2, Chandrashekhar Biradar3, Edward Guevara1, John Dixon4, Steve Beebe1, Silvia Elena Castano1, Tunrayo Alabi5, Murali Krishna Gumma6, Shoba Sivasankar6, Ovidio Rivera1, Herlin Espinosa1, Jorge Cardona11International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia2Independent Researcher, Miami, USA3International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan4Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia5International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria6International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, IndiaeAtlasDCL.cgiar.org2Introduction• Maps, geography and spatial analysis are increasingly important for developing R&D programs, priority setting, monitoring, impacts assessment and reporting. • But the community of researchers working on this topics has perhaps been less organized to carry out this type of work. • This initiative propose to develop an online Atlas for R&D among the DCL community with focus on Geo-spatial Science, Technology and Applications (GeSTA). 3The DCL eAtlas www.eatlasdcl.cgiar.org4The DCL eAtlas www.eatlasdcl.cgiar.org5MethodologyData sources• CGIAR center GIS/Geo-informatics labs• Public domain• FAO farming systemsSpatial analysis• Remote sensing and GIS• Spatial overlayDetermining priority regions• Overlay of DCL crop distributions with FAO farming systems• Analysis of biotic, abiotic, socioeconomic and management conditions by farming system. Spatial overlays, zonal/geostats6Scripts, documentation and data all available online and cloud MethodologyResultsMajor drylands farming systems and crop and regional dominance Results• Three farming systems in South Asia – rainfed mixed, rice-wheat and dry rainfed – make up about one third of the 162 million ha of DCL crops in the 18 priority farming systems• A second important region is Sub-Saharan Africa, where the cereal-root crop mixed system accounts for 21.3 million ha, the agro-pastoral millet sorghum system accounts for 18.6 million ha, the pastoral system accounts for 10.8 million ha and the maize mixed system has 7.6 million ha• In Eastern Europe and Central Asia more than 15 million ha are cultivated, with barley figuring prominently.• In East Asia over 22 million ha are cultivated, with groundnut and soybean as the predominant crops.Major drylands farming systems and crop and regional dominance 9The farming systems where dryland cereals and grain legumes are concentrated are particularly prone to high temperatures and drought and crop stress.ResultsAbiotic and biotic stressclimate change and extreme events These dryland systems, especially those with less than 1000 mm of annual precipitation, tend to have a higher probability of drought or a failed season, when precipitation does not meet crop requirements.There is a general tendency of the drier farming systems having higher expectedtemperature changes between now and future climate scenarios (2050) and further decrease in precipitationResultsAbiotic and biotic stressclimate change and extreme events The soils of DCL priority farming systems present a number of abiotic constraints to DCL crop production.ResultsAbiotic and biotic stressclimate change and extreme events The key DCL farming systems are home to about one third of the global population, including an enormous number of people living in poverty.Results Population and povertyPotential additions to DCL Atlas Platform- higher resolutions (space and time)- crop types and granularity;- similarity mapping and out scaling;- tracking adoption of technologies; - niche modelling and predictions; - yield gap mapping across the scales- carry out genotype-by-environmentanalysis; - land potential for investment andimplementation-Phase2 development and way forward …14Level5_mod250_2014_lulc_15cls.img01.Rainfed-DC Maize/mixed crops02.Rainfed-SC Maize/sorghum03.Rainfed-SC tef, sorghum, Maize04.Rainfee-SC-tef/wheat,barly05.Rainfed mixed Crops06.Irrigated-SC-sugarcane-VLS07.Irrigated_mixedcrops08.Rainfed_Rice09.Rangeland/fallow10.Range lands/Shrublands11.Shrublands/Wasteland tress12.Barenlands/Sanddunes13.Forest14.Waterbodies15.BuiltupMapping crop land areas. e.g., South Asiae.g., EthiopiaGumma et al., 2016. ICRISATCrop types, pattern and phenology Tracking of technological adoptionAdoption of water harvesting structures, in Andra PradeshAhmed, I. et al., 2016. ICRISATBiradar, et al., 2015. ICARDA Adoption of conservation agriculture (zero tillage) in Morocco16Adoption of ChickpeaDistrictsArea (ha)MODIS-2000 MODIS-2005 Modis-2012Anantapur 34777 51304 84493Cuddapah 30343 69258 117903Kurnool 68113 140511 196793Prakasam 35129 128288 159524168362 389361 558713Links image analysis to field surveysGumma et al., 2016. ICRISATTracking of technological adoptionSource: Glenn, CIATNiche modelling and distribution18Near real-time farm analytics at pixel to landscape scalesMarch DecemberNational>State>District>Tehsil>Block>Village>Farm>Polygon/Point/PixelCropping SystemCrop IntensityCrop CalendarCrop RotationCropped AreaFallow Dynamics-Fallow area-Duration-Start date-End dateYield Potential-Current -Achievable Suitable Crop/Variety-Legumes-Oil SeedsSoils Soil Health (SHC)Soil Moisture (SMAP)Water useEvapotranspirationAllocation/Irri. Sch.Markets-ePlatform-Ag Supply Chain-Access (I/O)Monitoring-Pest/Diseases-Crop StressCitizen ScienceCrop Intensification & Diversification10%26%20%15%10%7%5%6%1%0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0<0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2- 2.5 2.5-3 3.5-4 4.5-5 >5Area (m ha)MillionsGrain Yield (kg/ha, '1000)Agricultural Productivity, Production and DynamicsBiradar, et al., 201610%26%20%15%10%7%5%6%1%0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0<0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2- 2.5 2.5-3 3.5-4 4.5-5 >5Area (m ha)MillionsGrain Yield (kg/ha, '1000)5%10%15%20%25%12%6%4%3%0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0<0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2- 2.5 2.5-3 3.5-4 4.5-5 >5Area (m ha)MillionsGrain Yield (kg/ha, '1000)1%6%5%7%10%15%20%26%10%0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0<0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2- 2.5 2.5-3 3.5-4 4.5-5 >5Area (m ha)MillionsGrain Yield (kg/ha, '1000)10%15%20%26%10%7%5%6%1%0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0<0.5 0.5-1 1-1.5 1.5-2 2- 2.5 2.5-3 3.5-4 4.5-5 >5Area (m ha)MillionsGrain Yield (kg/ha, '1000)Current: 0% Gain32 m tonsS-2 :  5% Gain35 m tonsS-1 : 72% Gain61 m tonsS-3 : 18% Gain40 m tonsLocation specific Investment, Interventions and Impacts S=Scenarios Biradar, et al., 2016*21Thank Youc.biradar@cgiar.orgavoid the unmanageable and manage the unavoidable-IPCC Confronting Climate Change: in an inch of land and bunch of crop

Geographic priorities for research and development on dryland cereals and legumes (DCL)

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Geographic priorities for research and development on dryland cereals and legumes (DCL)

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