Maize cultivation has recently expanded to the West African Sudan savannah and has the potential to play a key role
in the cropping systems of the region where intercrop yields have been low. Staggering planting date and
manipulating plant population of component crops are potential ways to improve yields of intercrops. A field trial
was conducted to investigate the performance of contrasting cowpea cultivars when sown at different dates under
varying maize plant populations at Minijibir in the Sudan savannah of Nigeria in 2008 and 2009. The trial was laid
out in a randomized complete block design with split-split-plot arrangement and replicated four times. Planting date
(four and six weeks after sowing maize) formed the main plot; plant population (0, 17,777, 26,666 and 53,333 plants
ha-1
) was assigned to subplots and cowpea cultivars to sub-sub-plots. Results showed that the best grain yield
potential for intercropped cowpea was achieved by sowing early in low to moderate maize plant populations. Early
sowing was more conducive to achieving a higher number of branches, higher number of peduncles, higher number
of pods, and higher fodder and grain yields. Cowpea performance reduced progressively with increase in maize plant
population because of increased shading from maize plants. Growing cowpea under high maize population was more
favourable for indeterminate cowpea cultivar whereas, growing under zero to moderate maize populations favoured
semi-determinate cowpea cultivar most in grain production. Thus, when planning to grow cowpea with maize at full
maize crop, farmers may need to seed indeterminate cowpea cultivar early under maize. At reduced maize plant
populations, growing maize with semi-determinate cowpea cultivar will do. However, choice of maize plant
population to use may depend on the income, food nutrition and feed needs of the farmer
