Alonso, Silvia

Grace, Delia

Msalya, G.

Toye, Philip G.

Unger, Fred

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Ancient farming styles and old zoonoses: brucellosis and Q fever among pastoralist and smallholder cattle herds in TanzaniaSilvia Alonso*1, George Msalya3, Phil Toye2, Delia Grace1, Fred Unger1Brucellosis and Q fever are old and well known zoonoses associated with livestock keeping. They are the cause of reproductive illness in ruminants and are associated with important economic impacts. Both diseases are widespread in the African continent. In Tanzania two main cattle herding styles co-exist: pastoralism (large and extensively raised herds) and smallholder (few animals under zero-grazing). The differences in management practices in both systems are likely to impact the spread and burden of these diseases. This poster outlines the methods and preliminary findings on prevalence and farming practices.Silvia Alonsos.alonso@cgiar.org ● P.O. Box 30709-00100 Nairobi  Kenya  ● +254 20 422 3465 http://aghealth.wordpress.com ● www.ilri.org   Acknowledgements: The CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)Funding: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development  (Germany) and the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)This document is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution –Non commercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License  September 2014IntroductionMaterials and methodsResults153 cattle farmers interviewed• Smallholder dairy farmer (intensive, few animals)• Pastoralists (extensive, large herds)>400 SICK cattle:• Serum sample• Whole blood sampleLAB SCREENING (ELISA)• Evidence of circulation of these zoonotic pathogens in dairy and pastoralist herds in the two regions in Tanzania• Brucellosis and Q fever seroprevalence (among sick animals) 3 times higher in pastoralist farms than in intensively raised herdsPhoto credit: ILRI/Silvia AlonsoPhoto credit: ILRI/Silvia AlonsoMap of TANZANIA showing study sites: • Tanga region (Lushoto and Handeni Districts); • Morogoro region (Mvomero and Kilosa Districts)1 Integrated Science Department, International Livestock Research Institute (Kenya); 2 Biosciences Department, ILRI (Kenya); 3 Dept of Animal Science and Production, SUA (Tanzania) Project objectives: (i) estimate presence of these pathogens among cattle keeping communities in 2 different ecological zones in Tanzania; (ii) explore factors that may explain differences in burden and practices associated with zoonotic transmissionQ fever: • ID Screen® Q Fever Indirect Multi-speciesBrucellosis:• Brucella-Ab C-ELISABrucellosis (# animals tested) Q fever (# animals tested)Overall (among SICK cattle)11.7%  (403) 15.0% (393)RegionMorogoro 15.3 % (190) 14.9% (181)Tanga 8.5 %   (213) 15.2% (211)Farming systemIntensive/semi-intensive 4.5%    (89) 6.8%   (88)Pastoralist 14.8 % (237) 19.3% (228)Table 1. Seroprevalence results by category (preliminary findings) Other relevant findings:• 44% of farmers reported abortion events in the previous year• Most farmers report low conception rates (possible undetected early abortions)• Less than 1% of farmers reporting brucellosis as “common” in the herd; Q fever disease (both animal and human) is unknown to vast majority of farmers• 38% of farmers reported always consuming raw milk (primarily pastoralist) vs 52% consuming always boiled milkFood for thought• Lack of knowledge on presence and transmission pathways of both diseases, despite likely presence of clinically ill animals• Evidence of risky practices for zoonotic transmission

Ancient farming styles and old zoonoses: Brucellosis and Q fever among pastoralist and smallholder cattle herds in Tanzania

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Ancient farming styles and old zoonoses: Brucellosis and Q fever among pastoralist and smallholder cattle herds in Tanzania

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