Poster presented at CIALCA Conference 2011. Kigali (Rwanda). 24-27 Oct 2011

Jogo, W.

Mpiira, S.

Rietveld, Anne M.

Staver, Charles

English

CGSpace

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Opportunities and threats in the beer-banana value chain in Central Uganda  Banana is one of the main crops for both auto-consumption and cash in Central Uganda.   The brewing or beer-banana type is an important component of many farmers’ livelihoods in Central Uganda.  Products made from beer-bananas are: Banana-Juice, Banana-beer and the distillate Waragi.   Alcohol consumption in Uganda is highest in the world and an estimated 80% of consumption consists of fermented home-made drinks (WHO 2005)  Taking into account the rapidly increasing population, one would expect growing markets for alcohol.    Beer-bananas however seem to be neglected by research and extension and more and more abandoned by farmers.   One reason for the latter is the banana disease Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) which was first found in Uganda in 2001 and is both extreme and rapid (Tinzaara et al., 2011) in its impacts.   Beer-bananas are especially susceptible to insect transmitted infection of the disease.  Introduction Value chain for beer-banana in Central Region Based on preliminary literature review and field visits the following hypotheses were formulated: 1) Value chains for banana-based alcoholic beverages are short and local and no significant urban market exists, 2) Income from brewing of and trading in banana-based alcohol accounts for a large share of involved households’ total income but is being negative affected by BXW presence in the locality. 3) Banana-based alcoholic drinks will lose popularity as rural consumers give preference to other beverages Methodology  Our Research question was: “What is the future for beer-banana production and processing under current circumstances?”  A value chain study was conducted using several sources of primary and secondary data collected in 3 sites in Central region.   Secondary data used was baseline data collected for the Austria funded project ‘Growing bananas with trees and livestock’.  Primary data consisted of 5 surveys directed at different actors in the value chain (producers of beer-bananas (N=42); brewers (N=48); village bar-owners (N=20); traders (N=6); and Kampala bar-owners (N=40)).  ¹ Bioversity International-Uganda, ² National Agricultural Research Organisation,  ³ Bioversity International-France A. Rietveld¹, S. Mpiira², W. Jogo¹ and C. Staver³  Income from brewing and trade and changes Conclusions and recommendations Current production ranges (L/month) Average production in  (L/month) Average production before BXW (L/month) Current average income (UGX/month) Average income before BXW (UGX/month)* Waragi 7-140 46.4 88 150.262 295.729 Banana-beer 100-960 232 340 79.472 110.000 Production & Income from brewing before and after BXW outbreak * Calculation based on current price information  More brewers produce waragi than banana-beer. The quantities (in litres) per brewer however are higher for banana-beer.   A considerable number of brewers has seized to produced either banana-beer or waragi because of decreasing availability, focussing in stead on only one of the products  Brewers derive on average 50% of their total income from brewing   Income from sales of beer-bananas is average 15.000 UGX/month and income from sales of rural bar-owners is 88.264 UGX/month  In comparison to mere beer-banana producers, more brewers use more different BXW control measures in their plantations   Most beer-banana producers make banana-juice for home-consumption, few make the investment to commercialise the juice  35% of brewers produce all beer-banana they use for processing themselves, 14% of brewers does not produce any beer-banana.   86% of brewers sell to bar-owners or consumers in the own village, 25% sells to village traders and 5%  to a Kampala bar-owner  Especially banana-beer is almost exclusively consumed in locality  Half of Kampala bar-owners get their waragi directly from one brewer, usually based in western region of Uganda  Few Kampala bars sell banana-beer; 66% of owners says it’s due to scarcity of the product, waragi however is ready available    Banana-beer is out-competed by bottled beer and waragi   Home-made waragi is widely consumed and popular in rural and urban areas because of its high alcohol content and low price  Few brewers market waragi to Kampala in spite of higher prices  Collective marketing of waragi to Kampala could lower individual transaction costs, increasing profits for brewers  Banana-juice is expected to find a market but initial investments for serious commercialisation are relatively high    Sustained profitability of beer-bananas is important for farmers’ livelihoods and also a condition for successful BXW-control  Beer-banana Producer Brewer Rural bar-owner Rural Consumer Trader Urban Trader Kampala bar-owner Kampala Consumer Beer-banana in farming system  66% of the Farmers in the baseline (N=208) grow beer-bananas.   The main varieties used for brewing are Kayinja (used by 100% of brewers) followed by Kisuubi (used by 44% of brewers)  Management of beer-bananas plantations is usually low  90% of farmers mention BXW as main constraint for production Changing consumer preferences Brewer  Western  region References  Reasons for decreasing banana-beer consumption are: low ‘alcohol content/price’ ratio; short shelf life; taste and low availability  With increasing incomes consumers give preference to bottled beer over banana-beer and waragi  Men Women Below 25 years Between  26-60 years Above 61 years Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Artisanal Waragi 80 49 47 8 67 25 72 47 67 87 Industrial Waragi 0 14 0 0 0 48 0 12 0 0 Banana-beer 5 0 0 8 8 2 0 0 16 6 Bottled beer 15 37 47 82 25 25 22 39 16 6 Other home-made brews 0 0 6 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 Consumer preferences as quoted by rural and Kampala bar-owners in percentages  World Health Organisation; Global status report on alcohol, 2004, Geneva  W. Tinzaara, E.B.Karamura, G. Blomme, W. Jogo, W. Ocimati, A. Rietveld, J. Kubiriba and F. Opio; Why sustainable management of banana Xanthomonas wilt in East and Central Africa has been elusive; Promusa proceedings, forthcoming 

Opportunities and threats in the beer-banana value chain in Central Uganda

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/67544/1/Rietveld_opportunitiesandthreats.pdf

Opportunities and threats in the beer-banana value chain in Central Uganda

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