Bettridge, Judy M.

Christley, Robert M.

Ganapathy, K.

Habte, T.

Hutton, S.

Sambo, E.

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RESPIRATORY PATHOGENS IN AN INTENSIVE POULTRY FARM IN DEBRE ZEIT, ETHIOPIA  Results   IBV and aMPV antigens were both detected using RT-PCR.   All aMPVs belonged to subytpe B.  All IBVs were genotyped as 793B.  A number of birds showed ELISA antibody titres for aMPV and IBV far above the positive cut-off, suggesting strong and repeated exposure.    Both Mg and Ms antigens were also detected using PCR  All samples were antigen negative for NDV and ILT  Introduction   Chickens are a valuable commodity in Ethiopia, as a source of protein and of income through the sale of birds and eggs. They also play important socio-cultural roles.   The breeder farm in Debre Zeit is a centre of chicken  production and expertise, and aims to improve productivity of chickens in Ethiopia.     The farm has experimental  selective and cross breeding programmes using indigenous and exotic breeds, but  is hampered by the unknown disease status of the breeding flocks.  Only Newcastle disease vaccination is currently used.  The aim of this study was to investigate the farm status with regards to the following respiratory pathogens:   Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV)   Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV)  Newcastle disease virus (NDV)  Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus (ILT)  Mycoplasma  synoviae (Ms)   Mycoplasma  gallisepticum (Mg)  Pooled oro-pharyngeal swabs from each pen, vortexed in sterile water and samples collected at post mortem were applied to FTA cards.  Grandparent (GP), parent (P) and juvenile (JV) sheds were sampled. Three birds were sampled from each pen in the shed. Commercial Biocheck ELISA kits were used to detect antibodies present in the blood samples. These were performed in the laboratory in Debre Zeit. DNA and RNA  extraction  PCR and real time (RT)-PCR protocols for antigen detection Mg  Ms ILTV NDV  aMPV IBV Discussion   Circulation of aMPV, subtype B and IBV, genotype 793B have been confirmed on this breeding establishment, in the absence of vaccination. To our knowledge, this is the first time these have been confirmed in Ethiopia.  The high presence of Ms could be due to the high stress levels, stocking densities and access of wild birds to the sheds. Addressing those issues may help to decrease mortality and increase productivity.   The introduction of vaccines against IBV and aMPV could also decrease the levels of mortality and increase productivity in this farm.  Increased biosecurity measures are required to decrease the risk of introduction and spread of these pathogens.  Further studies would be beneficial to increase the understanding of the presence of these pathogens across Ethiopia, including backyard poultry.   Figure  1. Bars of the same colour represent different groups of poultry. Groups were defined as birds of the same ages and breed, living in the same shed.  Materials and Methods  References and Acknowledgments  RNA extraction:(Chomczynski & Sacchi, 1987; Li et al., 1993)Modified by Worthington et al., 2008.  DNA extraction: Qiagen QIAamp DNA mini kit PCRS: NDV:Aldous and Alexander, 2001; IBV and aMPV: Cavanagh et al., 1999; ILT: Diallo et al, 2010; Mg /Ms: Adiagen, Adiavet-myco-AV PCR kit Many thanks to Biocheck, for the kind provision of the ELISA  kits and to the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research for the use of their premises and the help of their staff.   S. Hutton1, J. Bettridge1,2, T. Habte3, R. Christley1 , E. Sambo1  and K. Ganapathy 1    1 Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK; 2 International Livestock Research Institute, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia 3 Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute for Agriculture Research, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia Pathogen detection Serological screening FTA cards deactivate infectious material and preserve genomes.  Samples were then able to be safely taken to the UK for further processing 1ml of blood was taken from the wing vein of each bird. Cut-off = 1656 Cut-off = 834 

Respiratory pathogens in an intensive poultry farm in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/64992/1/RespiratoryPathogens.pdf

Respiratory pathogens in an intensive poultry farm in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia

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