Nweke, Felix

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Case Study Summary Cassava Transformation in Nigeriafrom Conference Paper No.11a  “New Challenges in the Cassava Transformation in Nigeria and Ghana,” by Felix Nweke1. Nature of the Successa. Why is it considered a success? production triples within a decade, from 1984 to 1992 Nigeria surpasses Brazil as world’s leading cassava producer 60% of Nigerian villages plant improved varieties resulting price fall benefits consumers, making cassava apowerful poverty fighterb. motors of change improved varieties (Tropical Manioc Selection: TMS): high-yielding, early bulking and disease resistant biological control of mealybug epidemic processing technology development: gari (dried prepared cassavaporridge), mechanical grater to release processing labor change from inhibiting to favorable trade policiesc. What constrains further expansion? harvesting labor bottlenecks market competition from subsidized imported starches2. Aggregate Impacta. scale and productivity gains 5 million farmers produce cassava cassava accounts for 12% of farmers’ cash incomeb. equity broad access to improved varieties across farm sizes cash production concentrated, 50% among top 10% ofhouseholds, but less concentrated than maize (70% cash salesamong top 10% of farm households) poor consumers are major beneficiaries of a 30-year productivity-induced fall in real cassava and gari pricesc. sustainability financial: highly profitable for smallholders, returns to hyv plusmechanical grating 20 times grater than traditional varieties withhand grating ecological: long-term yields sustainable without fertilizer3. Lessons for Building Future Successes resume long-term core funding for cassava research processing technology necessary for rapid market developmentTMS varieties (right) outyieldtraditional varieties (left)Gari marketing.   19100Phase 1. Cassava becomes a staple foodPhase 2. Laying the FoundationPhase 3. Mealybug Invasion1960 1992 Cassava productionPhase 4. The Surge1978 1984Phase 5. New Challenges4. Dynamics and Drivers of ChangePhase 1Cassavabecomes astaple foodPhase 2Laying thefoundationPhase 3MealybuginvasionPhase 4The SurgePhase 5NewChallengesTiming: 1910 – 1960 1960-1977 1978-1983 1984-1992 1993 onKeyactors: immigrants farmers rural artisans IITA Shell Oil IITA  government National RootCrop Res. Inst private oilcompaniesMotors ofchange: severe rural laborshortages (theresult of wars andinfluenza epidemicof 1918) induce amove out of labor-demandingcocoyam and intocassava emancipatedslaves from SierraLeone introducegari processingtechnology immigrants bringin new, bittervarieties mechanicalgraters importedfrom Benin andrefined by localartisans graters spread,releasingprocessingbottlenecks TMS varietiesdeveloped (1971-77) but fail tospread rapidly mealybuginvasionattacks cassavacrop biological controlof mealybug (1981on) takes effect  policy changesstifle food imports --- drop foodimport subsidies--- ban on cerealimports--- devaluation ofthe naira raisesfood import prices governmentincludes cassava inextension programs oil companieshelp financecassava promotion rising wagerates lead tolabor constraintsin harvesting andprocessing  imported cornstarch becomescheaper thancassava starchBeneficiaries: small farmers urban gariconsumers small farmers urban consumers cassva farmers urban consumersProdngains: productiondoubles from 1948to 1958 grater induces50% increase inproduction  annual growth2.5% per year prodn falls20% -3.7% peryear prodn increases150% annual growthrate of 12% peryear prodn up 15% annual growthrate slows to1.5% per yearImpact:  cassava becomesestablished as arural food staple growing urbanmarkets attract garitrade  massivemobilizationfor biologicalcontrol ofmealybugacross Africa real gari pricesfall gari/yam priceratio falls by 50% gari/rice priceratio falls by 25% consumer gariprices trendupwards industrialdemand forcassava starchstalls

Case Study Summary: Cassava Transformation in Nigeria

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Case Study Summary: Cassava Transformation in Nigeria

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