Calle, F.

Ceballos, H.

Domínguez, M.

Dufour, D.L.

Hershey, Clair H.

Morante, N.

Sánchez, T.

CGSpace

Gains from selection to improve carotenoids content in cassava rootsN. Morante1, T. Sánchez1, F. Calle1, M. Domínguez1, D. Dufour1,2, C. Hershey1 and H. Ceballos11 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and HarvestPlus; 2 CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, Montpellier, France. e-mail: h.ceballos@cgiar.orgIn the last decade there has been a significant increase in the efforts to improve the nutritional quality of different crops. With the support of HarvestPlus, CIAT and other institutions developed and implemented a rapid cycling recurrent selection scheme to increase total carotenoids content (TCC) and total b-carotene (TBC) in cassava roots.Materials and MethodsThe breeding scheme takes advantage of the high heritability of the traits to improve. Selection was made at the seedling stage when only one plant (from germinated botanical seeds) per genotype is available. Selected genotypes were cloned and planted in crossing blocks the following season which lasted for a year and a half. Each cycle of selection, therefore, lasted two or three years (Figure 1). Figure 1. Chronology of rapid cycling recurrent selection in cassava. Occasionally, if selected seedling plants were flowering at harvest time (A), they could be left on the field and used to make crosses that would contribute to a new cycle of selection. Otherwise (B) plants had to be cloned and depending on their flowering habit recombinant seed would be obtained for evaluations in Year 3 or Year 4.All measurements are reported on a fresh weight basis (unless otherwise stated). Year-to-year results suggested continuous gains. However, these comparisons are affected by year to year variation. Therefore, a replicated trial in two locations was planted with the best five clones from each seedling nursery from 2004 to 2010 were grown side by side for comparison. Plants were harvested from eight to eleven months after planting. However average results will be presented here.ResultsTen years ago maximum TCC levels were around 8-10 μg/g, whereas those for TBC were around 5-6 μg/g. Maximum levels of TCC now have surpassed 25 μg/g and the nutritional goal of 15 μg/g for TBC has been reached. Results indicated statistically significant gains to increase TCC and TBC (0.904 and 0.542 μg/g per year, respectively). Interestingly data from the original seedling nurseries on sexual seed (Table 1) and in the replicated trial in 2011 based on clonned materials: 5 highest carotene content by year (Table 2) suggest that improvement of the nutritional quality can be accomplished while maintaining (or even increasing) dry matter content (DMC) in the roots.Ceballos H., Morante N., Sanchez T., Ortiz D., Aragón I., Chavez A.L., Pizarro M., Calle F., Dufour D. (2013). Rapid cycling recurrent selection for increased carotenoids content in cassava roots. Crop Science, Accepted Manuscript ID CROP-2013-02-0123-ORA.Sanchez T., Ceballos H., Dufour D., Ortiz D.,  Morante N.,  Calle F., Zum Felde, T., Davrieux F. (2013). Carotenoids and dry matter prediction by NIRS and Hunter color in fresh cassava roots. Food Chemistry. Submitted. Manuscript Number: FOODCHEM-S-13-028221. Ceballos H., Luna J., Escobar A.F., Ortiz D., Pérez J.C., Sánchez T., Pachón H.,  Dufour D. (2012). Spatial distribution of dry matter in yellow fleshed cassava roots and its influence on carotenoid retention upon boiling. Food Research International, 45, 52–59ReferencesTable 1. Evaluation trials. Only roots with yellow parenchyma would be pre-selected for analysis. (Seedling nursery). Year n DMC (%) TCC (μg g-1 FW) TBC (μg g-1 FW) TBC/TCC (%) Regr. coeff.  Average Average Max. Average Max.  DMC vs TCC 2004 1315 37.0 2.4 10.3 n.a n.a n.a -0.001 2005 930 38.1 2.8 11.2 n.a n.a n.a -0.111 2006 288 34.9 3.1 12.7 2.3 9.9 74 -0.118 2007 173 29.9 6.8 19.1 5.5 12.8 81 -0.123 2008 178 33.4 7.3 15.0 n.a n.a n.a 0.056 2009 345 33.5 10.6 18.9 4.9 10.3 46 0.103 2010 490 30.2 11.4 24.7 9.8 19.1 86 0.014 2011 332 37.1 15.6 25.8 8.5 15.0 54 -0.012 2012 415 35.7 14.7 24.3 8.6 16.2 59 0.079 DMC= Dry matter content; TCC= total carotenoids content; TBC= total β-carotene. n.a.: Not available.Table 2. Averages for dry matter content (DMC), total carotenoids content by spectrophotometry (TCCSPEC), total  	 carotenoids	content	by	HPLC	(TCCHPLC),	total	β-carotene	(TBC)	and	total	carotenoids	content	on	a	dry  weight basis (TCCDW). (2011 harvest on clonal seed). DMC (%) TCCSPEC (μg g-1 FW) TCCHPLC (μg g-1 FW) TBC (μg g-1 FW) TCCDW (μg g-1 DW)   YEAR OF ORIGINAL NURSERY 2004  34.89 7.78 8.17 5.26 23.71 2005  37.65 9.24 9.65 5.52 26.04 2006  35.67 7.50 7.33 4.67 20.61 2007  36.71 10.31 10.93 7.25 29.87 2008  37.39 10.37 10.93 6.21 29.57 2009A  38.38 11.76 12.45 7.48 32.47 2009B  38.57 12.96 13.77 8.61 35.96 LSD 0.05  0.72 0.49 0.56 0.41 1.36 LSD 0.01  0.94 0.65 0.74 0.54 1.79

Gains from selection to improve carotenoids content in cassava roots

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Gains from selection to improve carotenoids content in cassava roots

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