Beebe, Stephen E.

Blair, Matthew W.

Buruchara, Robin A.

Chirwa, Rowland

Kimani, P.M.

CGSpace

Paul Kimani, Rowland Chirwa, Robin Buruchara, Steve Beebe and Matthew BlairCIAT’S BEAN BREEDING STRATEGY IN PABRA REGIONMarket-led Breeding Strategy• Double or triple yields• Focus on small plots-rural and urban• Heat tolerant and broader adaptation in medium altitudes and humid tropical regions• Grain and snap types• More than 28 climbing varieties were released in PABRA countries between 2003 and 2008From single Units to Strong Networks•Before 1985, there were few active bean improvement programs in East , Central and Southern Africa despite the importance of bean in this region. Virtually all programs had activities limited to their countries and had limited access to global bean genetic resources and expertise. There was little cross-border sharing of germplasm, information, experiences and technologies.• Breeding programs were strengthened by entry of CIAT scientistsinto the region and  across border activities not only within Africa but also with the broader bean research community commenced.  • To  strengthen regional collaboration and facilitate sharing ofgermplasm and experiences, three regional networks have been developed: ECABREN for 9 countries in east and central Africa , SABRN with 10 countries in southern Africa and WECABREN with 12 member countries for west and central AfricaEvolution of Bean Breeding StrategyObjectives? To provide clients with well adapted, high yielding bush and climbing bean cultivars with resistance/tolerance to major biotic and abioticconstraints, acceptable culinary qualities and preferred grain characteristics by consumers and  the processing industryAchievements and Impacts• Participatory breeding  is now integrated in breeding  programs in more than 15 countries in east, central, west and southern AfricaAcknowledgements• CIAT- PABRA• SWISS - SDC• CANADIAN - CIDA• BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION• ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION• ASARECA• SADC-FANR• MCKNIGHT FOUNDATIONType Constraint Yield loss  ( t / year)Abiotic Drought 396,000N deficiency 389,900P deficiency 355,900Al/Mn toxicity and exch. bases 383,900Biotic Angular leaf spot 384,200Anthracnose 328,000Bean stem maggot 297,100Root rots 221,100CBB 220,400Major production constraints of beans in Africa• Breeding strategy before 2000Phase I: The 1980’s: Constraint resistance breeding• Regional disease nurseries developed for angular leafspot , anthracnose rust, common bacterial blight• Participatory breeding starts in Rwanda and spread to other countries• Development of networks: ECABREN and SABRN• Advanced lines from CIAT evaluated by NARS and releases made. More than 60 new lines releasedespecially in Rwanda, DRC, Burundi where mixtures were acceptable•Rapid growth in human and physical capacities: short courses, degree training, multidisciplinary workshops, equipment resulting in enhanced publication recordNew Directions• Develop micronutrient dense (biofortified) bean varietieswith  50 % Fe  more and 30%  zinc than normal beans• Develop snap bean varieties that meet domestic and export market demands• Develop and disseminate high yielding canning bean varietiesthat meet demands for canning industry• Develop short day snap and dry grain runner bean varietieswith traits preferred by growers and consumers in domestic and export markets• Develop and disseminate drought tolerant bean varieties• Develop and disseminate bean varieties adapted hot humidtropical lowlands  and tolerance to low soil fertility acid soilsPhase II: The 1990’sThree major developments:• Screening for tolerance to low soil fertility- Bean Improvement for Low Soil Fertility Soils (BILFA) in Africa formed in 1994- Focus on low soil P, N, Al/Mn toxicities and acid soils• Introduction of climbing beans- Mainly in Rwanda and later DRC and other countries• Drought toleranceBean Improvement for Water Deficit areas in Africa (BIWADA)• Regional Breeding strategy since 2000Phase III: Market class breedingPhase IV: New Directions: opportunities and challengesRationale• Shift from centralized to decentralized breeding• Enhance efficiency in development and dissemination of cultivars• Develop programs more responsive to farmer and consumer needs• Strengthen breeding capability of NARSOur Goal• Develop  improved, universal bean cultivars with wider, domestic, regional  and international market appeal to serve as basis for commercial bean production for the benefit of people in the region.• Contribute more effectively and sustainably to improved productivity, incomes and nutrition of resource poor farmersAndean Area (Ha) CountriesRed Mottled 740,000 KE, UG, CD, RW, MD, TZ, MW, MZRed kidneys 350,000 RW, KE,MD, TZ, BU, CD, ZWSugar 100,000 CD,MD, ZM, ZW, ZA, SW, LE, MWLarge white 220,000 MD, TZ, SU, ET, ZA, SWPurples 270,000 TZ, KE, CD, UG, ZMMesoSmall red 670,000 RW, ET, KE, UG, CD, TZNavy 310,000 ET, KE, SU, UG, TZ, CD, ZA, ZM, ZWCreams: pinto 360,000 KE, ET, UG,MD, CD, RW, LE, AOBrown, yellow, tan 280,000 AO, TZ,  ET,  CD,MD,  ZMBlacks 130,000 CD, UG,  ET, SU,  RW, AO, MZClimbers 300,000 RW,  BU,  KE, UG, ETSnaps 80,000 KE, UG, TZ,  ET, MD, BU, ZARunners 15,000 KE, UG, TZ, ETArea and Distribution of Major Bean Market Classes in AfricaKE=Kenya, UG=Uganda, CD=Democratic Republic of Congo, MD=Madagascar, TZ=Tanzania, MW=Malawi, RW=Rwanda, BU=Burundi, SU=Sudan, ET=Ethiopia, MZ=Mozambique, AO=Angola, LE=Lesotho, SW=Swaziland, ZW=Zimbabwe, ZA=South Africa Sharing ResponsibilitiesMarket Class Number ReleasedCountriesRed mottled 17 CD, KE, RW, ET, UG, ZW, SW, TZ, MZ  Red Kidney 15 CD, MD, KE, RW, TZ,UG, ET, ZM, TZSugars/speckled 31 KE, CD, ET,UG, ZW, SW, TZ, MZ, MW, LE Climbing beans 26 CD, KE, TZ, MD, RW, ET, UGSmall  & Medium Red 9 ET, KE, MD, CDNavy & Large White 22 TZ, MD, ET, SU, ZW, ZM, SW, CD, ZA, LEBrown and Tans 24 RW, BU, DRC, ET, ZM, ZW, TZ, DRC, MWPurples & Others 3 ZM, CD, LETotal 147Varieties released in PABRA region 2003-2008Women  are the dominant  traders in bean markets such as this in Kinshasa, DR CongoReference: Kimani, P.M. 2004. Ciat in Africa Highlights No.14, Cali, ColombiaIn Kakamega, Kenya root rot resistant varieties are widely adopted, consumed and marketedBean is often referred as  womens’ crop: they not only grow and  cook it, but is ready source of household incomeLearning to make  crosses at Awassa, Ethiopia, 2001A well developed breeding program in 2008MORE THAN  7 MILLION HOUSEHOLDS IN PABRA REGION  WERE REACHED withIMPROVED BEAN VARIETIES BETWEEN 2002 AND 2008 KenyaSugar, Tan & Yellow Dark Red KidneyClimbing BeansSnap Beans (French)Large WhiteSmall WhitePintos, CariocasOthersSmall RedRed MottledNetworks –Regional breeding ProgramsCIAT HQTanzaniaEthiopiaDR Congo, South AfricaEthiopiaMadagascarKenyaRwandaUgandaIMPROVED BEANS FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD

CIAT's bean breeding strategy in PABRA region

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CIAT's bean breeding strategy in PABRA region

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