Roesel, Kristina

Tumwesige, V.

CGSpace

 From (bio)mass to (bio)gas– or:  how to best utilize urban slaughter waste  Kristina Roesel & Vianney Tumwesige   Inception meeting of Wambizzi abattoir biogas study ILRI-Uganda, 24 September, 2014  A pilot intervention study under the   IrishAid-funded Smallholder Pig Value Chain Development project  (CRP Livestock & Fish): http://livestockfish.cgiar.org/focus/uganda/   and the   GIZ-funded Safe Food, Fair Food project  (CRP Agriculture for Nutrition & Health): http://safefoodfairfood.ilri.org/  Meeting objectives  • Introduction of partners and roles in the pilot study • Rationale of the study (Kristina) • Intro concept of waste management and energy generation through biogas (Vianney + Gabriel) • Discussion on workplan and timeline of the intervention, clarify questions and list expectations   Partners in the pilot • Vianney Tumwesige, consultant: lead of the assessment of slaughter waste and energy needs as well as the construction of the biogas digester  (with support from Gabriel Okello) • Simon Lubega, Manager of Wambizzi abattoir: facilitation of the study at the abattoir (endorsed by Wambizzi board and with support from treasurer Thomas Kasule) • Jonathan Mukoopa, staff at Wambizzi: will be trained on operation and maintenance of the digester on the job during the implementation for sustainability beyond the study • Edward Wampande, manager of the Central Diagnostic Lab at COVAB/Makerere University: will oversee the biological monitoring of the intervention  • Kristina Roesel, ILRI-Uganda and coordinator of the Safe Food, Fair Food project (with support from Hung Nguyen, ILRI-Vietnam)  Rationale © Kristina Roesel/ ILRI/ FUB Rationale © Kristina Roesel/ ILRI/ FUB Rationale © Kristina Roesel/ ILRI/ FUB Rationale © Kristina Roesel/ ILRI/ FUB Rationale Rationale © Kristina Roesel/ ILRI/ FUB How does biogas work? An introduction by  Vianney Tumwesige and Gabriel Okello  (Green Heat Uganda)             By  Vianney Tumwesige (PhD fellow) Gabriel Okello (Msc. Chem)  24th September 2014 Technical Training on Biogas Digesters Outline 1) What is a biogas system? 2) Biogas benefits 3) Challenges to implementation 4) Way Forward for Uganda A biogas system….. Inputs ORGANIC WASTES   Biological Activity Outputs ANAEROBIC DIGESTER End Uses Fertilizer Biogas 50-75% Methane Crop Application Cooking Lighting Inputs: Animal Manure Manure is mixed with water /urine before its fed into the digester Inputs: Food Waste Inputs: Market waste Inputs: Poo Digester can be hooked to special latrines in public  places like markets, schools e.t.c. Digester types • Fixed dome connected to a latrine  • Fixed dome  • Floating drum  • Flexible balloon  Digester: Fixed Dome Digester: Fixed Dome ADVANTAGES • Digesters have no moving parts • Low maintenance costs • Relatively maintains temperatures inside digesters  DISADVANTAGES • Construction costs are relatively high • high technical skills are required for construction •  gas pressures fluctuate                  Built on a circular concrete base Floating Drum • utilizes two standard high density polyethylene (HDPE) water storage tanks and standard `plumber piping.  • Tops of the tanks are cut off.   • Smaller one is inverted and placed inside the larger one.   • As the gas is formed it is stored in the inverted tank, which then “floats” on top of the water and feedstock slurry.  • Digester tanks can be constructed on top of cement and brinks.   Flexible balloon Biogas uses Outputs Burned as a fuel for Cooking  Biogas  (50-75% Methane)  Outputs - Fertilizer Outline 1) What is a biogas system? 2) Biogas system benefits 3) Challenges to implementation 4) Way Forward for Uganda Improve water quality Improves indoor air quality Summary: Biogas Benefits  Improve public hygiene Improve water quality Improve indoor air quality Improve energy security BIOGAS BENEFITS Improve food security Mitigate climate change Save people money Save women time Outline 1) What is a biogas system? 2) Biogas system benefits 3) Challenges to implementation 4) Way Forward for Uganda High upfront capital costs Lack of awareness Outline 1) What is a biogas system? 2) Biogas system benefits 3) Challenges to implementation 4) Way Forward for AFRICA Outline Insufficient resources to collect all waste Separation of waste is not implemented Blocked drainage systems  Thank you Q&A’s  1. What are the costs of the various digesters (8m3 capacity)?  flexible ballon: 2.5 million UGX (950 US$)  floating drum: 3.9 million UGX (1,500 US$)  fixed dome: 4.5 million UGX (1,700 US$) 2. Could the grass used during transport be fed into the digester?  yes, it can be used if it is fresh    Q&A’s 3. Are there any risks associated with the biogas digester at the abattoir premises, i.e. explosion?  no risk for explosion because the pressure is too low;  moreover, the balloon will be protected from leaks with  an iron sheet from UV-light (that could damage the PVC)  and with meshed wire from bird picking  4. What is the life span of a the flexible balloon?  approximately 20 years, and it can be moved in case  Wambizzi finds another piece of land from where it may  operate in the future Q&A’s 5. Residents from an outside slum are currently dumping there household waste at the abattoir’s dumpsite – could this waste be fed into the digester, too?  yes, it can; could be a way to involve the community 6. Can we sell the gas to outside customers?  technically it is possible but it is difficult and expensive to  compress the gas (into cylinders) – at least for the  relatively small scale production that we will have at  Wambizzi  Q&A’s 7. Do you have experience with blocked pipes?  No, we have never experienced it Expectations More customers at Wambizzi because of improved hygiene Less operational costs (i.e. electricity, firewood) Reduced environmental pollution More fertilizer for the farm Safe fertilizer that can be offered for sale and provide additional income Wambizzi as a model for students coming from the university for practicals Scientific evidence for the economic feasibility of such a system in Uganda  Scientific evidence on the reduction of pathogens in a digester (i.e. determined retention time) Compare efficiency of cow dung with pig manure  Build partnerships and capacity “We are all dancing  to the same tune” $ $ $ $ $ Additional remarks • Use local manpower to build the pit - to avoid misunderstandings, jealousy and boycott and nurture acceptance • Keep presence of wazungu to a minimum during the study • If human feces will be fed into the digester, there may be a problem with acceptance as this is a taboo in some places. Suggestion: Set up a demonstration bed where some specimen of maize and cassava etc. could be planted and grown with the new fertilizer – in a media event, the manager should eat the vegetables!  Additional remarks • Once the pilot is successfully finished, we should think labeling the fertilizer as “safe from certain pathogens” and maybe add teaching material on the back of the bag (need to assess willingness to pay) • Ascarid eggs may sediment to the bottom – the digester output could be free from the roundworm eggs but this would not prove if the digester fermentation efficiently destroys the eggs. This could be simulated in the lab. • Do quality testing for pathogens beyond the study (e.g. once a month) to prove the high standard • Any potential nutrient losses in the digester output should be monitored if we promote it as fertilizer   • Different forms of fertilizer (liquid vs dried solid) and potential marketability/perceptions/uptake. e.g ease of transport and packaging, perceptions of certain animal waste fertilizers as good substrates for other pathogens (chicken poo and common banana virus)? • Depending on results of testing for pathogen load of output slurry, option of adding treatment to further reduce pathogen vs experimenting with longer fermentation times.   Additional remarks Acknowledgements • Wambizzi Cooperative society for facilitating access to the premises and necessary information  • Central Diagnostic Lab at COVAB for the provision of labs  • colleagues at ILRI under the CRP A4NH for conceptualizing the study  • Irish Aid and BMZ/GIZ for funding   The presentation has a Creative Commons licence. You are free to re-use or distribute this work, provided credit is given to ILRI.   Kristina Roesel Project coordinator “Safe Food, Fair Food” ILRI-Kampala k.roesel@cgiar.org   https://safefoodfairfood.wordpress.com/    Better lives through livestock www.ilri.org     THANK YOU! 

From (bio)mass to (bio)gas - or, how to best utilize urban slaughter waste

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/44915/2/Biomass%20to%20biogas.pdf

From (bio)mass to (bio)gas - or, how to best utilize urban slaughter waste

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