Bett, Bernard K.

Kifugo, S.C.

Lindahl, Johanna F.

Ontiri, E.

Otieno, Fredrick T.

Said, Mohammed Yahya

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Impact of anthropogenic activities on the emergency and spread of zoonotic diseases in Tana River County, Kenya Enoch Ontiri  Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl, Mohammed Y Said, Shem C Kifugo and Fred Otieno   International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya  Ecohealth 2014 conference, Montreal, Canada, 11-15 August 2014   • Ecosystem dynamics • Land cover land use changes • Wildlife Dynamics • Disease dynamics • Conclusion   Outline   • Ecosystems – space/habitats, species and communities  • Constant interaction- relationships, competition, complementarity   • May improve human wellbeing through furnishing provisioning and disease regulating services); yet they can also generate ecosystem ‘disservices’ such as acting as a reservoir for new ‘emerging’ disease    Background Source: DDAC report Understanding and responding to the eco-social, social and economic conditions for disease emergence and transmission represents one of the major challenges for humankind today Background Study Site Tana River Source: KSS, ILRI !.!.BuraHola0 10 20 30 405Kilometers´LegendSettlementsIrrigation Schemespermanentmixedtemporary!. TownsStudy BlockTana River CountyTana RiverOther RiversRiverrine ForestsDriver of change Land cover and land use  Remote Sensing Analysis 20 0 20 40 60 80 KilometersNOpen shrubs (65-40% crown cover)Very open shrubs (40-15% crown cover)Closed herbaceous vegetation onpermanently flooded landOpen to closed herbaceous vegetationon temporarily floodedOpen to closed herbaceous vegetationIrrigated land / CroplandCloudsTana River-WaterbodiesUrban and Rural SettementsOpen trees on temporarily flooded landTrees and shrubs savannahVery open trees (40-15% crown cover)Open trees (65-40% crown cover)Closed treesLegenda) 1975 b) 2010Land cover changes Source: Said et al. (in prep) Big plans to increasing irrigation, develop canals     1975 2010 Area Change (%) Land cover  Area (km2) Area (%) Area (km2) Area (%) Closed trees 62 1 0 0 -100 Open trees (65-40% crown cover) 370 7 68 1 -81 Very open trees (40-15% crown cover) 741 13 636 11 -14 Trees and shrubs savannah 744 13 439 8 -41 Open trees on temporarily flooded land 169 3 199 4 18 Open shrubs (65-40% crown cover) 836 15 699 12 -16 Very open shrubs (40-15% crown cover) 1516 27 1604 29 6 Sparse Shrubs 0 0 642 11  11 Open to closed herbaceous vegetation 244 4 0 0 -100 Closed herbaceous vegetation on permanently flooded land 181 3 244 4 35 Open to closed herbaceous vegetation on temporarily flooded 675 12 811 14 20 Cropland//irrigated 14 0 209 4 1359 Tana river-water bodies 50 1 42 1 -18 Urban and associated areas, rural settlements 0 0 9 1 1 Land cover changes statistics Source: Said et al. (in prep) Large losses of forests, riverine woodlands, increases in cropland and irrigated areas and development of urban and rural settlements Population and human settlements Source: Said et al. (in prep) Urban Settlement Rural Settlement Human Population changes 1969 - 2009 Changes in Biodiversity 1977 - 2013  Large herbivores (livestock and wildlife) Trends in livestock and wildlife 1977 - 2013 Source: Ogutu et al. submitted Disease Dynamics  Transmission, Exposure, risk Disease data collection sites  48% success rate in trapping   Serological testing on human blood samples • Rodent population has increased and is a problem to the community. • Leptospira is present in the region  • There is a perception of more febrile infections in people and livestock since the expansion of the irrigation scheme.   • Policy dialogue between health, environment and biodiversity sector is necessary. Conclusion Agriculture Associated Diseases  http://aghealth.wordpress.com This work, Dynamic Drivers of Disease in Africa Consortium, NERC project no. NE-J001570-1, was funded with support from the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme. The ESPA programme is funded by the Department for International Development (DFID), the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).   

Impact of anthropogenic activities on the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases in Tana River County, Kenya

https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/10568/42437/2/Anthropogenic%20activities%20and%20zoonoses.pdf

Impact of anthropogenic activities on the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases in Tana River County, Kenya

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