The objective of this study was to synthesise the best available scientific knowledge about zoonotic disease transmission through livestock and wildlife interaction (direct or indirect), with emphasis on risk factors, drivers and trajectories of transmission, as well as promising interventions for controlling important zoonoses, based on managing the interaction between domestic livestock and wildlife.
A multi-disciplinary team from the International Livestock Research Institute, Kenya, and the Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom, with expertise in zoonoses, epidemiology, socio-economics, and wildlife, undertook the review. A database of important zoonoses was compiled and used to develop a list of priority zoonoses with a livestock-wildlife interface for developing countries. Spatial relationships between important zoonoses and land use and human population density were explored. A systematic review was carried out focussing on: disease transmission routes, risk factors for disease transmission, drivers of wildlife-livestock interactions, pathogens of wildlife capable of recombining with organisms in livestock, wildlife species that are potential sources of zoonotic pathogens, production and socio-economic factors influencing the risk of transmission, and risk management and control interventions
