Con el objetivo de determinar los factores de riesgos asociados a muertes maternas ocurridas en el Hospital Central Universitario Dr. "Antonio Mar\ueda Pineda", durante el a\uf1o 2012, se realiz\uf3 un estudio anal\uedtico de casos y controles, la poblaci\uf3n estuvo conformada 10 casos (mujeres que fallecieron) y por 19 controles. Con una edad promedio de los casos de 28,2\ub11,70 a\uf1os y de los controles de 27,31\ub16,36 a\uf1os (p: 0,0360). Como factores de riesgos sociales se obtuvo que 50% de los casos proced\uedan del medio rural y 40% eran de uni\uf3n libre; mientras, que 57,9% de los controles eran del medio rural y 84,2% solteras. De los factores de riesgos biol\uf3gicos se evidencia que contar con una edad gestacional =3D 36 semanas (OR: 3,2), ser nul\uedpara (OR: 1,86) y tener patolog\uedas previas (OR: 1,71) se asociaron a muerte materna. En relaci\uf3n a los servicios de salud, como la falta de control prenatal (OR: 10), realizar ces\ue1rea (OR: 6,53), recibir transfusiones (OR: 2,8), tener =3D 5 d\uedas de hospitalizaci\uf3n y ser referidas de otro centro de salud (OR: 6,66) se asociaron a muerte materna. La principal causa de muerte fue obst\ue9trica directa (80%), en primer lugar las hemorragias (40%), los trastornos hipertensivos (30%) e infecciones (20%). En conclusi\uf3n, los factores de riesgos relacionados con mortalidad materna son m\ufaltiples, se debe intensificar esfuerzos para reducir la tasa de mortalidad materna, adoptando una estrategia amplia de maternidad sin riesgos en que se d\ue9 prioridad al establecimiento de mecanismos de vigilancia y asignaci\uf3n de responsabilidad.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Mortalidad Materna. Factores de Riesgos. Hospital. DeCS: Bireme, Medline).
ABSTRACT
With the purpose to determine the risk factors associated to maternal mortality at the Central University Hospital "Dr. Antonio Maria Pineda", during the year 2012, an analytic case control study was conducted, in a study population of 10 women (who died) and 19 controls. The mean age of the cases group was 28.2\ub1 years of old, and for the control group the mean age was 27.31\ub16.36 years old (p: 0.0360). It was found among the social risk factors that 50% of the cases came from the rural area and 40% were unmarried; while 57.9% of the control group was from the rural area and 84.2 % were single. From the biologic risk found, a gestational age of =3D 36 weeks (OR: 3.2); being nulliparous (OR: 1.86) and having previous pathologies (OR: 1.71) were associated with maternal mortality. With respect to the health services, such as: no prenatal control (OR: 10); cesarean surgery (OR: 6.53); getting transfusions (OR: 2.8); being hospitalized =3D 5 days and been referred to another health service (OR: 6.66), were associated to maternal mortality. The most important cause of death was obstetric direct (80%), in the first place hemorrhages (40%), hypertensive disorders (30%) and infections (20%). In conclusion, the risk factors related to maternal mortality are multiples; efforts should be intensified to reduce maternal mortality, by adopting comprehensive strategies in order to reduce maternal mortality and improving a safe motherhood, in which the mechanisms of surveillance would be a priority and the assignation of responsibilities.
KEY WORDS: Maternal mortality. Risk factors. Hospital. (DeCS: PubMed, Lilacs).<br
