Aristotle believes that music is very important for the formation of character. Musical
education can lead us toward virtue when we are still young and unable to understand
what virtue and happiness are, and why they matter (see Pol. viii 1340a1 ff. and NE x
1179b20 ff.). In Classical Greece, the beneficial effects of musical education were to a large extent taken for granted. Understanding Ancient Greek views on the moral effects of
musical education is especially difficult for us because they often seem to amount to an
unreflective acceptance of a traditional belief. In this paper, I look at Aristotle’s theory of
musical education as we find it in the Politics viii and in the Problems xix. Starting from
Aristotle’s focus on melody and rhythm, I argue that he does provide his theory of
musical education with solid philosophical grounding. In his view, musical education
does not rely on the blind transmission of emotions, but it is a kind of perceptual
training. This training teaches us to perceptually recognise fine actions and characters
and to enjoy and pursue them for their own sake
