In the last decades, honeybees have been afflicted by several gut diseases such as
the American Foulbrood (caused by Paenibacillus larvae), the European Foulbrood
(Melissococcus plutonius) and Nosemosis (Nosema ceranae). The virulence of these
diseases is enhanced by synergy with abiotic stressors such as climate change, causing
noteworthy losses in honeybee colonies and consequitively honey production.peer-reviewe
