Candeias, Analisa

Esteves, Alexandra

Sá, Luis

English

Nurses, in Portugal, crossed significant moments of transition in the passage from the 19th century to the 20th century. However, it was at the end of the 19th century that the portuguese nurses began to be distinguished as fundamental agents in the assistance of the alienated at psychiatric hospitals. This century, in the country, was fruitful in establishing spaces for the assistance of the alienated: by 1848, in Lisbon, the Hospital de Rilhafoles was opened; in 1883 was inaugurated the Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira, in Oporto; and, in 1893, the Casa do Sagrado Coração de Jesus, in Sintra, received its first alienated. In all these spaces worked nurses, secular or religious

Sá, Luís

Esteves, Alexandra Patrícia Lopes

Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM

A sightseeing over the illusion: the portuguese nurses and the alienated at the end of nineteenth century

Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

          [1]  Contents  Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Nursing before Nightingale .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Nursing in Italy ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Nurses and nursing in hospitals ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Nursing in wartime ............................................................................................................................................................................... 24 The development of nursing traditions and cultures in Europe ............................................................................................................ 37 Global histories of nursing; internationalism in nursing ....................................................................................................................... 51 Histories of leadership in nursing ........................................................................................................................................................ 58 Florence Nightingale’s contribution to the development of nursing: controversies and debates ......................................................... 65 Histories of nursing practice ................................................................................................................................................................ 71 Italian Day ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 88 Other nursing healthcare related subjects ........................................................................................................................................... 125 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 139 Appendix: Keynote presentations.......................................................................................................................................................... 141                           [22]  A Sightseeing Over the Illusion: the Portuguese Nurses and the Alienated at the End of Nineteenth Century Analisa Candeias1,2,3,4,5, Luís Sá4,5,6, Alexandra Esteves7,8 1University of Minho - Nursing School; 2UICISA-E (Core UMinho); 3PhD Student: Catholic University of Portugal - Institute of Health Sciences; 4Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde (CIIS); 5Sociedade Portuguesa de História de Enfermagem; 6Catholic University of Portugal - Institute of Health Sciences; 7Catholic University of Portugal - Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences; 8Laboratório de Paisagens, Património e Território (Lab2pt) - University of Minho  Nurses, in Portugal, crossed significant moments of transition in the passage from the 19th century to the 20th century. However, it was at the end of the 19th century that the portuguese nurses began to be distinguished as fundamental agents in the assistance of the alienated at psychiatric hospitals. This century, in the country, was fruitful in establishing spaces for the assistance of the alienated: by 1848, in Lisbon, the Hospital de Rilhafoles was opened; in 1883 was inaugurated the Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira, in Oporto; and, in 1893, the Casa do Sagrado Coração de Jesus, in Sintra, received its first alienated. In all these spaces worked nurses, secular or religious. The aim of this research is to identify nurse’s responsibilities on the assistance of the alienated at Hospital de Rilhafoles, Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira and Casa do Sagrado Coração de Jesus, at the end of the nineteenth century. It was used a research and documental analysis, having Foucault as base, and were analyzed the following main sources: «Relatório sobre a Organização do Hospital de Alienados em Rilhafoles» (1851), «Regulamento Geral do Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira» (1883), «Regla de Nuestro Gran Padre San Agustín y Constituciones de la Orden Hospitalaria de Nuestro Glorioso Padre San Juan de Dios» (1890) and «Prontuario del Enfermero» (1891). The portuguese nurses were responsible for monitoring the alienated, ensuring that the hospital routines were followed, and that the self-care (e.g. hygiene, food) was guaranteed. They were also responsible for administering medication and the fulfillment of other treatments, such as hydrotherapy, occupational work or ergotherapy. By medical indication, nurses could also apply containment and restriction techniques (e.g. shackles, straightjackets), having to be gentle, affectionate and benevolent. Learning to be nurses in the spaces of the hospitals, they were also forced to live within them, making personal the institutional routines and merging their private lives into the public life of the institutions. Although the professionalization of portuguese nursing only occurred at the end of the 19th century, we know now that nurses were present in the care contexts that existed in the country until that time, and were also caregivers to the alienated who were in those realities. There is still a long path to make in the construction of the history of mental health and psychiatric nursing, on the scope of the portuguese conjuncture as well on an international level, and this work may provide a support for future research, that could involve not only nurses, but all those who intend to contribute for the development of nursing profession.  Bibliography 1. Candeias, Analisa. Reprimir, Controlar e Disciplinar: o Quotidiano no Hospital de Alienados do Conde Ferreira (Século XIX). In Lobo de Araújo, Maria Marta & García, Alfredo Martín (Coord.). Os Marginais (295-304). Vila Nova de Famalicão: Húmus, 2018 2. Candeias, Analisa; Esteves, Alexandra & Sá, Luís. Cuidados de enfermagem em saúde mental e psiquiatria no início do século XX. Servir, 59 (2016): 47-54 3. Esteves, Alexandra. Loucos e/ou Criminosos: o Debate sobre a Inimputabilidade em Portugal entre Meados do Século XIX e Inícios do Século XX. In Lobo de Araújo, Maria Marta & García, Alfredo Martín (Coord.). Os Marginais (279-294). Vila Nova de Famalicão: Húmus, 2018 4. Orden Hospitalaria de San Juan de Dios. Regla de Nuestro Gran Padre San Agustín y Constituciones de la Orden Hospitalaria de Nuestro Glorioso Padre San Juan de Dios. Madrid: Imprensa del Asilo de Huérfanos del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, 1899 (Traduzido do original de 1890) 5. Rodrigo, José. Prontuario del Enfermero. Madrid: Imprenta y Librería de Nicolás Moya, 1891 6. Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Porto. Regulamento do Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira Elaborado por Antonio Maria de Senna. Porto: Imprensa Real, 1883 7. Sena, António Maria. Relatorio do Serviço Medico e Administrativo do Hospital do Conde de Ferreira Relativo ao Primeiro Biennio (1883-1885). Porto: Typographia Occidental, 1887    

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A sightseeing over the illusion: the portuguese nurses and the alienated at the end of nineteenth century

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Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa