Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Distribusi Suhu Permukaan Dan Keterkaitannya Dengan Fenomena Urban Heat Island

Abstract

Cirebon city is one of area in West Java with a large population growth. The increasing population is one of the causes of land cover changes. It causes the increasing of residentials, the expansion of trade center and industries and also various types of infrastructures that support the citizens activities. Land cover changes, especially the changing of vegetation area into built-up area, affected the distribution of land surface temperature and causes the Urban Heat Island. Remote sensing method can be used to calculate land cover changes, vegetation index and land surface temperature distribution of Cirebon city and the surrounding area in 1999, 2007 and 2014 and to analyze the correlation with Urban Heat Island. In this study, analysis was performed using Landsat 5 satellite image in 1999 and in 2007 and Landsat 8 in 2014. The value of land surface temperature obtained from the processing of thermal band of Landsat satellite image which then correlated with land cover changes using simple regression test.The results show that in 1999, land surface temperature class that dominate is 29°C-30°C, but this class decrease in 2007 and 2014 because the increses of built-up area and causing 33°C-34°C class dominate. A simple regression test between built-up area with land surface temperature obtained the value of the coefficient regression (R2) of 99%. A simple regression test between rice field area with land surface temperature obtained the value of the coefficient regression (R2) of 99%. The high temperature that occur in the urban area which then decreases towards suburban to rural, prove that Urban Heat Island occur in Cirebon City