Konsepsi Dan Strategi Pengendalian Nematoda Parasit Tanaman Perkebunan Di Indonesia

Abstract

Concept and strategy for plant parasitic nematodes control on estate crops in IndonesiaPlant parasitic nematode is one of the organisms continue to threaten agricultural crops. In Indonesia, 26 species of plant parasitic nematodes infecting various food, horticulture, and estate crops (black pepper, patchouli, ginger, tobacco, and coffee) have been identified. Amongst those, Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Radopholus and Globodera are the most destructive nematodes in Indonesia. World economical crop losses caused by nematodes may reach 80 billion US $. Because of unavailable data, crop losses due to nematodes in Indonesia have not been estimated. Nematodes problem in Indonesia became serious in the year 2003, when potato plantation in Sumber Brantas, Kota Baru, East Java was attacked by golden cyst nematoda (G. rostochiensis). This nematode now has spread in the provinces of West, Central and East Java, as well as North Sumatera, and caused 32%-71% crop losses approx. of Rp 2 trilyun. Nowadays, various components of control methods have been obtained, such as the use of resistant or tolerant varieties, cultural practices (fertilizer, organic matter, rotation, cover crops), botanical pesticides (neem seed powder, castor meal), biological agents (Arthrobotrys, Pasteuria penetrans), chemical pesticides, as well as quarantine (to protect nematodes spreading from infected to uninfected area). As the most important part of the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), control strategy of nematodes must be conducted integratedly and ecofriendly based on the precise concept through combining of some control method components, supported by operational and technical prudents. Operational prudent includes training program, research and development through the coordination of government and private institution as well as farmers. Technical prudent includes control of existency (surveillance) of nematodes, the development of disease caused by nematodes, and its spreading