Premi UAB de la Fundació Autònoma Solidària (FAS) als millors Treballs de Fi de Grau sobre desenvolupament sostenible i justícia global. 2n Edició, curs 2017/201

Estarellas Maurin, Aina

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Veterinària

Diposit Digital de Documents de la UAB

Food sovereignty and conservation of biodiversityAina Estarellas MaurínUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona – Facultat de VeterinàriaGener, 2017OriginOn the 1993, the ‘Via Campesina’ was born as a groupof rural communities from four different continents, inMons, Bellgium. They sought to develop a commonview to fight a globalized agro-industrial system thatthey considered to be a major drive for global hungerand poverty, especially within rural communities.IntroductionAt the present time, the amount of people that suffer from hunger is constantly increasing in aworld where food is produced in abundance. Institutional agreements to combat hunger havenot yield any results and, because of that, alternatives to guarantee the right for food arerequired. Food sovereignty appears with the aim of providing new strategies that help to endpoverty and the biodiversity loss the current agro-industrial system and free market causeFood sovereigntyIt is the fundamental right of a country to define itsown farming policies and sustainable production,distribution and food consumption strategies,guaranteeing the rights for a healthy and nutritiousdiet for the whole population, taking care of theculture and diversity of their production,commercialization and management systems of theirrural regions.How is it built? Monoculture and biodiversityBiodiversity is the variability among all classes ofliving organisms, including diversity within andbetween species and ecosystems.The agro-industrial model promotes theexpansion of monocultures on a broad scale.These practices, contraries to the foodsovereignty ideals, cause adverse socio-environmental impacts very difficult to reverse,such as biodiversity loss and precarious farming.ConclusionsIn the presence of the food and environmental crisis our world faces, food sovereignty has become something necessary, an interdisciplinarystrategic route that can lead to a world where poverty is reduced, hunger disappears, natural environment get its stolen biodiversity back andsocial inequalities form part of the past. Even though this is a utopic idea, it is the veterinarian duty to safeguard the public health and defendthe environment conservation. For this reason, we should fight to make of our profession a way towards a better world.Sustainable palm oilA possible sustainable production of palmoil has been considered due to anincreasing knowledge about theconsequences of intensive palm oilmonocultures.RSPO was born in the 2004 with the aim ofestablishing the limits in the palm oilproduction abuses and certify those thatfulfil a set of good practices. There arecurrently two forms of palm oil supply: CSPO: certified sustainable oil Book&Claim certificate: asustainable palm oil producer is paid,but the oil could origin from anysource.Currently there are 3.51 million hectaresof certified crops by the RSPO, producing atotal of 21% of the global production(13.18 tons).Palm oilIt is produced from the African palm fruits(Eleis guineensis), grown in tropical countries.It has become a crucial raw material used atthe global level in food, cosmetic and biofuelindustries. Indonesia and Malaysia own the85% of its world production.The expansion of intensive palm oilmonocultures hides the deforestation oftropical forests, the appropriation of the landsowned by the native communities, abusesagainst human rights and the death ofspecimens of different animal species such aselephants, orangutans and Sumatran tigers.ConsequencesObjectivesThrough a detailed bibliographic review, thefood sovereignty topic is covered, examiningthe principles it advocates and both socialand environmental consequences of its non-application.Environmental-Monocultures drain the soilnutrients; eroding it and making itlose its fertility. This causes thereplacement of the native vegetationof the area, so the natural control ofthe herbivorous is halted and theplagues increase.Socials-Loss of native cultures and traditions that relyon the original ecosystems.-Work loss in areas of farming tradition-Insecurity and poor working conditions-Expulsion of rural communities1. Make a land reform.2. Promote agro-ecology3. Avoid the use of transgenicseeds.4. Claim the right to land, seedsand other consumables5. Right to water6. Understand that agriculture isnot a merchandise7. Improve the social and workconditions in the agriculturalfood systemFig 1. Palm oil plantations in PeruFig 2. Deforestation in BorneoFig 3. CSPO sealFig 4. Book&Claim seal

Food sovereignty and conservation of biodiversity

https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tfg/2017/178139/TFG_aestarellasmaurin_poster.pdf

Food sovereignty and conservation of biodiversity

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