Cañellas Canadell, Josep

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Veterinària

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Food sovereignty and emerging diseasesObjectives ConclusionsFood Sovereignty: Is the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate foodproduced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods,and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems..Emerging diseases: An emerging disease is one that has appeared in a population forthe first time, or that may have existed previously but is rapidlyincreasing in incidence or geographic range.An example, the case of EbolaThe case of Ebola’s epidemic could be an example of that.On one hand we have bats as a natural reservoir of Ebola , and on the other hand a change in theecosystem produced by the intensification of palm oil agriculture, inducing an increase ofpopulation.In the north of Guéckédou, Guinea (figure 1) big changes on the area have been done,destroying and breaking the forest as palm oil monocultures were implemented.Therefore, bat populations became more condensed in wooded areas which have not beendestroyed and, at the same time, they increased their contact with humans for two mainreasons: the attraction of the animals by palm oil and the upraise of human incursions into therainforest to hunt.This amplification of transmission and increased evolutionary capacity of the virus jointly withthe growth of population could be probably the cause of the epidemic in 2013.What is the relation between  food sovereignty and these causes of the outbreak of emerging diseases?Alteration of the forestall habitat: The restructuration of the land for high production agriculture causes in many cases the deforestation of vast selvatic zones.Agricultural intensification: In these zones of high production, monoculture techniques are performed. These agriculture practice  need destroy biodiversity and at the same time common practices.Monoculture is used on those crops and that reduces biodiversity and high distribution infrastructures are generated  fragmenting the forest at the same time.The use of new vegetal species such palm oil provoke changes on the ecosystem  and in original species distribution. Urbanization:  There is generated a personal demand that spikes in population migrations and an increasing of land demography , at the same time disease outbreaks rise due to proximity with jungle and animal disease reservoirs. Agricultural intensificationChanges in regional environment caused by growth  of population, consumption and technologyAlteration of forestall habitatUrbanizationAlteration between hosts and pathogen• More opportunities for the pathogen to change their host• Amplification of transmission and increased evolutionary capacity of the pathogenAlteration in natural community• “Domestication” reservoirs and increased of the contact with population• Domestic animals invade natural habitatEmerging diseaseThe relation is in the possible causes of the outbreak of emerging diseasesFigure 1. Land-use pattern in West African Ebola’s putative area oforigin near Guéckédou, Guinea. The characteristic landscape is amosaic of villages surrounded by dense vegetation and interspersed bycrop fields of oil palm (red) and patches of open forest andregenerated young forest. (Kock, 2014)•The infectious diseases are closely bind to the ecosystems•Some activities finish with the food sovereignty of the people, causing instability, poverty and migrations. •It is necessary to understand health as an union between humans, animals and environment, because the changes in the environmentcan unsettle the public health.   •Understand and relate two concepts as food sovereignty and emerging diseases.•Learn and explain how the economic system can affect the human health with his relation with the enviroment. •Show the significance of the ecosystem in the human healthAuthor: Josep Cañellas Canadell, June 2016

Food sovereignty and emerging diseases

https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tfg/2016/170874/TFG_jcanellascanadell_poster.pdf

Food sovereignty and emerging diseases

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