Herrera Goicoechea, Miguel

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Veterinària

Diposit Digital de Documents de la UAB

• Sample: salivary swabs • Prove: RT-PCR • Sample: samples of  the            central nervous system    (CNS). • Prove: fluorescent antibody         test (FAT). Rabies has been established in Europe since 1954. Passive surveillanceEliminate the canine and human form of  the disease95% present the EBLV1 and the rest EBLV2.Lleida Bat Lyssavirus.THE EUROPEAN BATS AS RESERVOIR OF POTENTIALLY ZOONOTIC VIRICAL DISEASESCONCLUSIONSOBJECTIVESThe Chiroptera order is one of  the largest of  the class Mammalia, and it is distributed throughout the world, with the exception of  An-tarctica and some islands of  the Oceanic continent. Although in recent years it has been noticed the importance of  the bat as a reser-voir for zoonotic diseases, the health status of  European bats, and the diseases that can transmit, is still quite unknown. Because of  this, this study has the objectives of: determine the reasons why bats are a reservoir of  many diseases and collect which are the zoonotic diseases that are present or could potentially arise in European bats.FlightDiet and ecosystemRABIES SEVERE ACUTE RESP. SYNDROMEMortality rate close to 100%. Transmission• Bite or deep scratch • Predation• Contact between infectious material and mucous membranes • Can affect any mammal ETIOLOGYEPIDEOMOLOGYDIAGNOSISLYSSAVIRUS AND EUROPEThe etiologic agent of  this disease is the human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The origin of  this virus is another betacoronavirus found in bats, SARS-like CoV. The difference is simply that the SARS• like  CoV fuses the ORF8a and the ORF8b in one ORF82. This geno-me fragment is very important because it is where it is pointed out that resides the interspecies transmission capacity.ETIOLOGYEPIDEOMOLOGYSARS IN EUROPEMortality rate of 10%. The first epidemic of  SARS occurred in China in 2003.Transmission• Direct contact • Inhalation of  infectious• Vectors• PredationMIDDLE EAST RESP. SYNDROMEEBOLAETIOLOGYEPIDEOMOLOGYMERS AND EUROPEETIOLOGYEPIDEOMOLOGYFILOVIRUS AND EUROPE• Sample: blood serum.• Prove: Enzyme    immunoassay (EIA).We cannot establish a clear phylogenetic origin of  the genome of  European SARS-like CoVs. They, a priori, cannot infect humans.Agent: MERS-CoV. The union of  their spicules (S) to specific cell receptors called dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which is highly expressed in endothelial and epithelial human cells.It is very similar to the HKU4 (bat betacoronavirus), and only differ in their spines.Mortality of this disease is >35%In 2012 appeared the first case of  MERS in Saudi Ara-bia.Bats: source and reservoir.Camels and dromedaries: reservoir and amplifiers.Transmission• Consumption of  meat,    milk and urine• Direct contact • Sample: respiratory tract samples.• Test: RT-PCR. This test expands the genes    encoding the E protein and the ORF1a.   It is needed a positive result of  the both of  them.Until recently MERS was only found in Saudi Arabia. However, over the years it has been spreading to Asia and Africa.It is produced by certain strains of  the genus ebolavi-rus, part of  the Filoviridae family. The ebolavirus con-sist of  negative single-stranded RNA with envelop.Mortality rate ranging from 38% to 70% In December 2013, it broke into Guinea with more severe symptoms and a more intense transmission. This ebola outbreak was produced by the variant Zai-re ebolavirus.Transmission• Direct contact• Indirect contact• Nosocomial infection • Aerosol• Sample: blood.• Test: RT-PCR.Recently it was discovered a new endemic filovirus of  Europe in the Lloviu Cave (Cantabria) which is called lloviuvirus. This new virus has not yet been isolated, so many things are still unknown.It has been observed that it affects bats, and it is hypothesized that can also affect humans.Europe is currently only affected by rabies, it is highly likely that in the future this situation will change, and the presence of  zoonotic diseases with a high pathogenicity increases. Therefore it is vital to know the health status of  our chi-ropters and deepen further in the unknowns of  their biology.Factors favoring entry into Europe of  zoonotic disea-ses, which have bats as a reservoir:DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSIS DIAGNOSISPhylogroup I• Rabies Virus (RABV): natural hosts are terrestrial mammals. Responsible for most cases of  rabies in the world.• European Bat Lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1): Europe. • European Bat Lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2): Europe.• Bokeloh Bat Lyssavirus (BBLV): in Europe, it has only been isolated 3 times.Phylogroup 3• West Caucasian Bat Virus (WCBV): it was isolated only once in the Balkans. • Lleida Bat Lyssavirus (LLBV): it is located in Spain. It has not yet been isolated. Absence of  “natural killer” cells and in a production of  the regulatory factor 7 in-terferon (IFR7) in a greater amount of  tis-sues.Is the only mammal with the ability to fly actively. High metabolism and temperatu-re of  the individual. Closely resembles a febrile response.The Quiroptera order is distributed throughout the world covering virtually all types of  ecosystems. Bats live in colonies. Their diet is very varied. Most of  them are insectivorous and some are frugivorous.Bats have different refuge areas depen-ding on the time of  year. Migratory move-ments are due to displacement of  Chirop-ters between shelters.It is the ability to reduce their body tem-perature. It is due to a reduction in me-tabolic rate. Bats use this capability as a method of  saving energy.Heterothermy Migration ImmunologyEuropean factors:• The largest biodiversity concentrated in the Mediterranean zone.• Lack of  data about the health condition of  the colonies of  european bats• Rabies is the only endemic zoonotic di-sease.Factors intrinsic to the bat:• Ability to alter the metabolism:  Flight: febrile response.  Torpor state: slower growth• Large colonies: grooming• Immune system:    prevent the symptomatic phaseEnvironmental factors:• Climate change• Deforestation-› bat-human interactions• Migration and globalizationSARSMERSEBOLARABIAMiguel Herrera Goicoechea        27/06/2016• Sample: anal swab or         nasopharyngeal• Prove: RT-PCR.

The european bats as reservoir of potentially zoonotic virical diseases

https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tfg/2016/171268/TFG_mherreragoicoechea_poster.pdf

The european bats as reservoir of potentially zoonotic virical diseases

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Diposit Digital de Documents de la UAB