Keffer, Charles A. (Charles Albert), 1861-1935

University of Missouri: MOspace

MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL GOLLEGE EXPERIMENT~TATION. BULLETIN NO, 18, STEA "W"BEEEIES. C01UMBIA, MISSOURI, AUGUST, 1892. E. W. STEPHENS, PUBLISHER "NO BINDER! COL-UMS'''', MISSOURI. MISSOURI Agricultural College Experiment Station. BULLETIN NO, 18, BOARD OF CONTROL. THE CCRA'I'ORS 01<' THE UNIVERSI'I'Y 01<' THE S'l'ATE OF MISSOURI. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOAR.D OF CURATORS. BON. G. F. RO'I'HWELT., Pres't, Moberly. HON·. B. M. DILT,BY, Hamilton. ADVISORY COUNCIL. TH1~ GOVl1JtNOR {)1~' THE S'PAT1~. Hem. ,J. S. CI,ARK"ON, Columbia. THE PnE8I1JJ~N'1\ OF' THB J30Al'~D OF Cl;H.A'NHtS ()1~' TIlE STATl;; UNIVERBI'l'Y. T HE MAS'1'I~U. Oll' THl~ S'l'A'l']~ GnANGB. 'l'HE PUEAIlIENT OF' 'rnE S'rA'l'E BOAnn (IF AGRl0UVrlll~E .. THE PREBIIIJ<lNT OJ' THE STATIO HORTWur,TurtAL SOarE'I'y. rl~llE SEGRJl:TAItY 01'1 TUB S'l'ATE HOR'rI(JUr.Tl1ltAI. SOOIBT'Y. 'rUE PnC:)FNSSOIL 01" ACtR.ICULTITltN, J"fISSQURT AOlue ULTURAI. COLI .. EGJ.:. THE PnOJ.'EHSOR OJ<' ClIEJtUBTRY. TJl'E STA'l'E VB'1'l1HUNAUIAN. TlTE PltOJ'ESSOR O}' IIOlt'rrcuIlrurtE. 'rHE PnOFESSOR OF GEOT.OGY. OFFICERS OF THE STATION. EDW AHD D. PORTER, DnmC'rOB. 1'. SCHWEITZER, CUEMIST. PAUL EVANS, VETERINARIAN. CHAS. A. KEF'I"ER, HORTICULTUHlST. --------, ASSJ8'l'ANT AURwur .. TuRlsT. CHARLES P. l?OX, ASSlsTAN'r Cmm.lsT. A. C. VANDIVER, FAml SUPfJlUN'rENTrEN'·. mVIN SWITZLER, SECRE"AllY. R. 13. PRICE, '['llEASUREll. INTRODUCTORY. In carrying out the objects of the organization of an "Agl'icultul'al Exp'erill1ent Station," we cordially invite the co-operati(~m of all persons interested in its success, Suggestions as to lines of experimental work, problems to be sol ved, inquiries relating to agrieulture, horticulture, stock, and the dairy will be cheerfully j'eceived and answered as far as possible: but no woi:k will be undertaken unless of public value, and the results of' which we are at liberty to use for the public gooa, Specimens of grains and grasses; seeds of fruit and forest trees; vegetables, plants and flowers that are true to name; yarieties of beneficial and injurious insects; samples of mineral "~Caters and ores, and whatever Ulay illustrate any department of agriculture will be gladly received, and due acknowledgments made in annual reports. Directions for collecting, packing and shipping such specimens will be furnished on applicatiou, Bulletins will be issued at least quarterly, giving the results of experi-mental work as fast as completed, together with such suggestions and information as Ulay be thought valuable to the farmers of Missouri. The bulletins and reports of this Station are sent free to every citizen of Missouri who applies for them. Copies are sent as soon as issued to every newspaper in the State, to every Grange, Farmers' Alliance oi' other agricultural organization whose address can be obtained. Bulletins and reports are also sent to the, leading agri.:ultural papers of the country, and will be sent to anu paper that lUay desire to exchange. Letters relating to any special line of work should bE' directed to the officer in charge of that division, butallgeneral:correspondencerelating to the work of the Station should be addressed to EDW ARD D. PORTER, Director of Experiment Station. C.olumbia, Boone Co., Mo. STRA WBERRIES. CHARLES A. KEFFER. 'rhe (~al'1y pm·t of the season of 18D:2 was vei'Y wet and {'oW, lLud g1'owth of an crops was slow. The strawber1'Y suffel'ed more thnn othe1' sma']l fl'nits from the wet wea.the1', resulting in late fmiting, iInpn.il'ed qnality and hck of firmness (even the jl1'1nest ROItS lleing so1't), nnd considera-hIe rot \vhile the frnit 'was innna.tTll'e. All val'ieties were equally a.ffected l)y 1'ot, Imt in other respects nerta.in sorts ''''ere so nmeh dmnag;ed that: they n.re not iur:lwled in the tab1e on which this bulletin is based. The strawberry pla,nt~1tion wn.s :rna.Cle in the s])ring of 18HO, and l)ore its ti)'f;t crop of fruit Inst yea,I'. It. has l'eeeived thorough cu1tiva.tion since the plants were set. 'I'he first season tIle gronnd waoS l(ept in tine eondition by freqnent hoeings. All were grown in matted 1'OW8. After the first erop of frnit ww~ removed the rows were thinned by hoeing out mOHt of the plautR, lefLVing Hnlall dumpH a. foot apart. By the end of the Set1S0n runners had fillecl the v:want spa.ees, ma,tting the rows for the seeond crop. In ,Tnmmry the entiTe pla,t was mnlehed. Over the greater part stl'a:w was nsed, but · about twenty rows were covered \vith forest leaves, pdneipally mtk. Tlds eovering was fonnel to be unRatisfa.ctory, as the winte1' a,nel sIn'ing rains eompacted the. muleh so noS to gre:1tly injure tIlt' plants. '1'he strn,wwas left on until the leaNes began to grow tlll'ough it in the · spring, when it wa.s l'aJ"ed off the plants and left between the rows, mid the plantation received no further care until the fruit. was gathered. 5 Considerable grain grew up from seeds in the straw, but this was found not to interfere with the perfect devel-opment of the crop. As soon as the crop was gathered the entire plantation was hoed, and it has since been kept in good growing condition by hoeing and cultivation. The straw mulch caused some inconvenience during the first cultivation, but none thereafter. In the latter pa,rt of August the experiment rows were again thimied, this time to single pla,nts a foot apart, care being taken to leave the one-year-olcl plants. In the. following table, the letters Hand P, in the sec-one1 column, indicate perfect and pistillate varieties, respect-ively. Genemlly speaking, the pistillate sorts are heavier croppers than the perfect; but in making a strawberry bed at least one-third of the rows should be of a 1)erfect-fiowered kind to insure the fertilization of the others. In the color column, L indicates light, M~medinm, D dark. In the text-ure column, S means soit, M medium, F firm. In the remainder of the table, va.Iues are shown by the scale of 1 to 10. The date of ripening, size, fia;\T(u' a,nd productiveness for 1891 are taken from Bulletin No. 16, written" by my predecessor, Prof. ,J. "\iV. Clark. '1'he sta.ndards of size and productiveness are nearly the same for all growers of ber-ries, but individual taste has much to do in determining the flavor of a fruit; hence, it should be borne in mind that the same person did not make the tests for the two years. '1'1108e varieties in which no entry is made for 1891 fruited for the first time this year. When a va,riety failed to 1)1'0-duce fairly typical specimens of fruit, it is not recorded for this season. 6 _. '- ' .. _-- - ------------,-,-----,---=--------,-,.--...,..-:-:--I,; : ¢ SIZE. I Flavor. d,ic~~~e' I' Date of I ' ll ~ NA~IE OF V ARIE'rY. ; ~ .§ ~~_ ~~:.~~ ~ e E 1£ 8 ~ 18911892 189111892 189111892 ~92_1~~ I~-I~ ~ Alpha,' .. ........... . . ... HMD F G 3 6 7 6 5 MaY25 1Junel 66 ti AtlantIC..... .......... .. . P MD S 7 7 i 5 51 S Barton...... .. .. . .. .. . ... P MD 88~ . 150~ ~i 1 -'7'6".,' 78 'JJuunne 53 98 ~ 43 edel' Wood ...... .... .... H L S . . Relle Bordelaise.. ...... H D F 3 6 May 30 June ,j .. (; 6 Belmont...... ........ .. H S 5 May 31 5 G .. Bidwell ........ .. ........ H M !If G 5 May30 June 6 8!1 4 Big Bob. ......... ..... .. M 8 5 7 1 6 3 June ~. 8 ~ 4 Bomba ................ ... H D 1\1 .. 6 ,,5 5 May 22IJune 6 ;) 4 9 Boynton.. ..... .... .. .... P M :N[ 7 1 7 6 .June 5 816 1 Bubach No.5 .... .... .... P 111 R S 7 8 G S 7 June 1 June S 7 4 ;) Bubach No. 132 ......... P L S ti 6 9 4 8 S May 27 June 4 10 9 2 Bucbley's Seedling . . . . .. . M F S (j S .June ,J 9 9 :3 Burt... . ................. 1:1 M 8 Ii 5 6 5 5 6 May 28 June 5 6 6 4 Champion.... . .... ...... P 1\1 S ' 7 7 6 1 May 29 41 11 :, Chas. Downing .... .. ..... H MD M 6 5 S 8 5 3 May 29 ,June b (lIS 7 Clingto .................. FL M 811' Ii Ii 6 May 29 8 8 a Oloud Seedling . . ......... P MD F 5 5 5 I 7 4 4 May 29 June 4 19 10 4 Cornelia ..... , .. ,.. .. .... P M 8 8 I 7 1 5 May 29 aT I '.~, ~ COI'ell ...... .............. H D I,' 7 a 61 ' 7 ;) May 21 May 30 u Crawford ...... .. ...... .. II D 8 8 (j 7 G 7 :l May 28 June II Sl" 2 Crescent .... .. ............ p M M 5 6 G 6 10 8 May 251May 31 9 9 " Crimson Cluster. .. ... .... P :N[ S 6 5 " 5 S 6 May 28 June 1 91 0 :j Crystal City ...... .. .... 1:1 M 8 :3 4 8 ;, 4 3 May 21 il1ay 29 9 10 :3 Cumbel'land .... . : .... ... H ML S 9 !i S 7 7 4 May 25 June a 7 8 " Daisy. . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. .. P M I? 7 7 7 " 7 6 May 20 June -I Ii 7 (j Daniel Boone ........... P MD S 8 5 8 5 6 2 May27 June~' 6 7 ~ Dew .... ................. H 11m]' 10 7 5 June:3 9 4 4 Emerald ...... .. ..... . .... II 111 S 7 7 4 1I1ay 29 I 7 81 4 Enhance ........... " ..... P M S 7"" '3~ 7 ;, 5 4 June 3 .June S I 86 2; S Eureka. .. . . ... . . ... ...... II F 7Z, I 9~ ,1 1 May 29 .June" II (;1 6 Excelsior. ... .. .. .. ,... P M S 7 8 6 6 May 29 .June 3 I ~' , " Farnsworth .. , ............ H L M G 4 May 27 7 SI 4 FeltoH ... ................ . PDF i 2 JuneS 81 7 :j Gandy . ... ............... H M F 9 8 6 Jnne " H H ti Garfield , Mrs.... ......... P M S 7 r, !i 6 ;, :3 May 25 ,June 3 7 ', 4 Garland. .. .... .......... 11 M M 8 7 5 May 2~' 8 I:! :J Garretson .. .. " ....... ... H MD S r, i Ii .June 1 S 81' i gjf~aale·._::::::: ::::::::: frJ~ ~ Z, g ~ ~ A ! ~:n~ g~~~~ ~ ~1~ Gold...... . . .... ....... . .. P L F 8 5 8 6 5 2 June:l June 7 fi 5 8 Golden Defiance ........ P L M 7 4 i Ii « 1 .June 2 June 7 6;' 4 Governor Hoard ......... II MD 8 7 7 4 June 6 8 7 Ii Great Pacific.... ... ...... P D M S i ;, I 7 .June " 8 r, ~ Greenville.......... ... .. P MD M n 9 8! 8 10 8 May 27 June:l 9 8 :l Harland's No.1 .. , ...... 1:1 L M 10 ;, s~ I 85 5 3 May 29 .June 7 9 8 4 Hart's Minnesota...... .. II M S :3 5 4 :3 May 21 .Tune J 9 10 4 Hatfield........ ........... II L S 7 5 7 G 5 :3 May 28 .June 5 8,,:3 Haverland .. "........... P ML!If 8 7 8 7 8 S May 28 ,June 3 9 H 2 Henderson .. .... " ....... H , M MI 6 4 10 8 4 :3 May 28 .Tune 4 7 61 4 Itaska. .. ... .. ... ........ P Si U 4 6 6 6 4 May 29 June 5 9 81 4 Jas. VlCk .... .. .......... II JI1 M " 3 7 9 Ii :) May 80 June 8 5 41 .. Jersey Queen.............P L M 8 Ii 9 S 4 5 May 30 .June 6 (; 816 Jessie ...... .. .... .... ... H M S R 7 8 7 5 4 May 26 .J une 6 7 6 :3 Jewell ............. ..... . P M S 8 7 n ;, ;, II May 26 June 7 5 ->, 4 Jumbo ..... " .......... H ML S (I 4 8 6 I 7 2 May 25 June 6 ;, 614 Kentucky ................ H M M 7 ;, ~,' 54 II '6; 3 June 3 .June n 6 9 " Lady Rusk ..... .......... PDP 7 7 ~ MaySj' June4 9 7 :3 Legal Tendp.1' .... .... : .. P rt1D B ;, :~l 1 70 76 1 .11i ;) liIlaY:.30 ,Tune 6 A '7 3 Lenr.lg's White ... ..... .. II SI' 4 1 1 May 29 1.June 8 ;, 4 7 Lida .. .. ....... .. ...... .. P l\f M 8 3 6 1 8 7 IMayso ,runeS '7 .7' :j Logan ....... . .... . ...... H AI s. n 8 77 47 47 1 5 May 26 ,Tune 7 6 7' ;, I.ollise ........... .. ... .. H L 81 6 IMay 29 51' 5 4 Lo"\'et~ ' s Early ... , ........ II . 7 6 I 5 I June 2 S 7' :j JI1aggIe .... .. ............ 11 MD S (j 6 5 i , 5 May 28 .June G 641 '.~. 3 Mammoth ................. H M P' 8 4 5 6 1 4 1 4 M"y2~ .Tlme6, 4 7 ..: . Il! I Size. NA,[E OF VARIETY. ~ 25 E I £ 8 ~ 1 1891-189~ M. anc.1~l::-:-:-:-:·.-:-:-:-'-~ HI MD F. -i-~ M. A. C. No. 10 ........ .. II M M I b J>r. A. C. No. :l0 ......... PDF I 8 5 !>L A. u. NO . 28 ......... H ~[M G " Martha ................... 1' , D F 7 May King ................. HI M l\l 7 g4[ :\liami .................... P I ~ID S I 8 M!"bel's Early ............ HI L l\! 1 7 "[!ddl~field .. : .... .. ...... \ P :ill ~ 1Ill11er s Seedling .. .. .... 11 L S 7 Miner's Prolific ......... . HI D p' 7 7 11. !.onarch . . ............... 'IH iYID ~ 7 7 l\[omreUlI. ................ H D F 1 1 ~{t. Holyoke.. ... ... .. .. . . L S 7' 1>!t. Vernon .. . .. . ....... · 1. P I M S " "Norman ...•.•.......... IH D ti j --t Ohio .. ... ................ , P 1 j\[ M 6 Old Ironclad. : ... ... .. '" i H I' M 5 Oliver .................. . 1 P D M " ti Ii Ontario ................ 'IH. M S 8 Parker Earle ............ HI M M 8 Parry ...... .... .... .. ... . 'IH M F 8 7 l'atuxent ................ . H i\ID I ~1. ' 4 ~earl ........... - ......... HI :ill M i I hoto .................... : r D i\T 8 :1 Piper's "eedling .. ....... '1 H 'I D S " 2 Porter'" Seedling.... .. . Ii L S 8 " Pr!,!sldent Linc?ill ...... , . . H M S " G PI'mce of Berl'les .... .. .. I H , M M " Princess ........ .... .... ·1 pi [. S i Ray's Prolific ........... II! I' D M I 6 10 6 5 6 Riehl's NO.1 .... ......... : P D 81 6 Riehl's NO.2 .. : .. · .... · .. · IH I]I1D M " ~P:h~]sHNg:~~l~.:::: :: :::: I Hi e ~ '1 2 'I Saunders ......... .... · .. IHI D SI ' Shuster's Gem .... · · ...... 1 P I MD S I 9 ~.~ Southard's No, 1 ......... H F 5, Southard 's Mo. ~ ........ ,H I F I 5 2 Stayman'3 No. 1. .. . ... . .. i PI liT F <I Stayman's~o.2., ........ . P M 1<' 6 5 Summit .......... ·····.1 l' M R , 8 'l'riumph de Gand ........ ,Ii M M 1 5 ~:.ruitt .... . ............ " IIi. M 111 1 7 " v an Deman .......... ' H D M 8 , Warfield NO.2 .. ...... .... P D M 8 4 Warren .... . .. .... ..... H S" 5 Wbite Novelty ........... I! L S ~ 1 Wilson ............ . , ... ... II D F 6 4 Wolverton ............... '. II M R 5 Woodmanse .... . ........ P M S 6 5 Walton ............. .. .... 1 P L S 7 yale ..................... iH L S 'I Pro-Flavor. ductive· ness. Date of I 1 ~ Ripening. : ~ II ~ 'iil -------~ :;I, = = 1891 ~:: ~::1 1892 ~~ ~92 : ~I '" P:: 4 May 30 ,June 7 , ' - 1-2 May 26 Juue 8 '. 81' °1 4 " May 20 June 8 771 6 4 9 May ~1 June 1 9 5 6 S 7 10 S 9 8 7 8 o 1 (j 6 7 5 8 S S 9 7 7 G 7 9 6 6 7 2 , 7' 7 5 5 7 9 7 5 S 8 6 7 2 t) 3 5 " (; lj 6 :3 S 5 ;; 8 7' 4 ... 5 6 5 ~ \ 4 1 7 , G 7' 'I S 7 4 6 7 7 5 5 4 4 3 6 6 ;) u (; 7 7 7 9 4 9 i) 5 4 4 0' 10 ;; (; 'to 6 j' 6 4 (j S U 2 9 8 8 6 8 5 :l 5 5 3 9 6 G ,j June 6 81 81 4 May 23 Mar 30 771 7' ~ May ~9 6 " S May 21 May 80 10110 3 4 June 4 I?,.: 9 3 ~Iay 28 8 R 7 May 26 June 4 9 9 a 4 ~lay 27 June 4 5 6 5 Ii May ~6 June 3 5 4 9 fj June 5 7 ti 4 June 1 8 7' 3 1 June 2 ,June S 4 3 , ~June 1 1 2 'i 8 May 28 fj 4 June 11 8 7 4 June 6 8 8 3 June 11 9 8 ;, ·June 11 6 5 " ,June S 4 3 " U May 30 8 ,June 1 7 May 30 ;) May 26 May 27 3 May 26 May ~6 May ~6 MayaO May:ll :I ;) 4 (; 5 7 U ;'5 May 27 May 28 ~lay 28 May 26 7 I ~ Ri~~ ~~ H May 26 lIJay 2S 6 May29 May 31 May ~9 May 29 6 May 26 " May 28 May 30 lIJay 31 May 30 -1 6 4 6 6 May 29 5.1 5 1 June 6 ,June Ii ·June ~ June 6 June 6 ,June 5 ;Julle :2 June 6 ,June G ,lune 6 .Tunea .rune 2 ,Tune 1 56 5 4 318 810 7' 9 7' 3 8 8 4 ' [) 4 6 87 1 7' 6 3 8 6 4 H 8 ~' 56 8 8 'I 4 'i G. 3 9 91 3 4 21 6 " 4 5 6 ~' 1 June 8 10 S 2 43 4 226 June 7 'to 5 1 June 2 9 8 4 June 6 S\ 9 3 June 7 ,,61'9 ,June 6 ,,7 3 ~~lH' I IIII i El(tensive el(perimen~g in the origination of new varieti~s of strawberries are nnder way, but Il.re not sufficiently advanC1ed for remlM to be reported. 8 SUMMARY. 1. Bestten varieties, an thing:,; considered, named in order of earliness: Michel's Early, Ores cent, M. A. O. No. 23~ Greenville, Haverland, 8huster's Gem, Miner's Prolific, Ontario, Bubach No.5, Parker Earle. 2. Ten varieties prodneing the hn'gest fruit: Blu·ton, Prineess, Greenville, Ontario, Miclcllefield, .ExcelsiOl', Bneh ley's Seedling, Logan, Great Pneifie, Ha.verIand. 3. Ten best, quality alone eon:,;ielereel: M. j~ .. O. No. 23, Henderson, .T el'sey Qneen, Greenville, Hart.' s Minne-sota, Ohas. Dcnvnhlg, Eureka, Havel'lanel, Exeelsiol', Ontario. 4. Ten most productive va-deties: Slmstel" s Genl, Orescent, Greenville, Pa.rkel' Ea.rle, Michel's Eal'ly, Bnbal'll No. 182, Ha.verland, Miner's Prolinc, M. A. C. No, 2::-l, Bnlxwh No. fl. 0. '1'en sods freest fWIll rllst: Boynton, Princess, Stayn.lan's No.1, Gndnnd, Ha.verland, Orawford, Orescent, May King, 8taY111an'8 No.2, ""Valton. ' Note.-Rust is not suffieient in any of the varieties in the 111'st list to seriollsly ll.fi'ect t.heir vltlut). G. A list that will be fonnel vahmble for the home experimentel': The nTst list given, and J3eclel'\Y oocl, Bax-ton, Bnbaeh No. 1:-32, J3uchley's Seedling, Crawford, Crim-son Clllster, Daisy, Exee]siol', Great P'aeine, Harland's No. 1, Hart's Minnesota, Licla, Miami, Middlefield, PalT)", ,Riehl' s No.1, Saunders, 7. Straw is n. better winte1' eovel'ing 1'01' stl'llwbel'l'ies than leaves. 

Strawberries

Keffer, Charles A.
    (Charles Albert),
    1861-1935.

University of Michigan Library Repository

Strawberries /

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Strawberries

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