K. Slezakova

M.C. Pereira

M.C.M Alvim-Ferraz

Open Repository of the University of Porto



Laboratório de Engenharia  de Processos, Ambiente e Energia
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3
Concentrations and Mass Distribution of Atmospheric Particles: 
Influence of Forest Fires
K. Slezakova, M. C. Pereira, M.C.M. Alvim-Ferraz
LEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto,
Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal, Tel. +351 22 508 1976, e-mail: slezakok@fe.up.pt
Objectives
To evaluate the potential risk to public health related with forest fires during May to September 2004 and 2005 with the 
following objectives: • to evaluate  the increase of PM10 concentrations
• to evaluate the increase of exceedances of EU 24-h PM10 limits 
• to evaluate the influence on  particle mass distribution 
Experimental 
METHODOLOGY
PM10 beta radiation attenuation
method:
• MSI 100 I et E (Environment S.A.)
PM10, PM2.5 gravimetric mass  
determination:
• Bravo H2 (TCR TECORA) constant flow
samplers combined with PM10, PM2.5
sampling heads in accordance with norm
EN12341
• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 
membrane filters (2 µm porosity)
Acknowledgments: Authors are grateful to  Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and to Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/24228/2005) for the financial  
support of this work.  
At sites TR1 and TR2 significant differences of PM10 concentrations were observed in August
2005, when forest fires were much bigger than in other months.
As site BG1 is situated in a mountainous area, where the influence of forest fires is stronger,
significant differences of PM10 were observed also in May and June 2005.
For all the sites, the highest increase of days exceeding 24-h PM10 limit was observed in
August 2005.
Results
Site TR2 Site  TR1
influenced by traffic emissions
located in Oporto Metropolitan Area, 
Portugal
Site BG1
without anthropogenic emissions
located in rural mountainous area
Site BG2
PM10 at TR1 PM10 at TR2 PM10 at BG1
Exceedances of EU 24-h PM10 limits
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PM10
PM2.5 
EU 24-h PM10 limit
PM10, PM2.5 at BG2: August - September 05
Evaluating particle mass distribution at BG2, the average PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.67 for days without fires and 0.87 for days
with fires. This increase was probably caused by higher PM2.5 concentrations generated by fires. Considering the health
effects of smaller PM fraction, it may be concluded that fires strongly increase the potential risk for public health.
Conclusions
2004 2005 2004 2005
TR1 36 43 2 13
TR2 21 35 2 18
BG1 6 16 0 11
Number of days 
exceeding EU 24-h 
PM10 limit from  May 
to September
Number of days 
exceeding EU 24-h PM10 
limit during August
Increase of 
exceedances of EU 
24-h PM10 limits 
comparing  August 
2004  and 2005 [%]
35
Site
38
49


English

Concentration and Mass Distribution of Atmospheric Particles: Influence of Forest Fires

Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto

Laboratório de Engenharia  de Processos, Ambiente e Energia020406080100120140160180200May  04May  05June  04June  05July  04July  05August  04August  05September  04September  05[PM] /µµ µµg m- 3020406080100120140160180200May  04May  05June  04June  05July  04July  05August  04August  05September  04September  05[PM] /µµ µµg m- 3020406080100120140160180200May  04May  05June  04June  05July  04July  05August  04August  05September  04[PM] /µµ µµg m- 3Concentrations and Mass Distribution of Atmospheric Particles: Influence of Forest FiresK. Slezakova, M. C. Pereira, M.C.M. Alvim-FerrazLEPAE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto,Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal, Tel. +351 22 508 1976, e-mail: slezakok@fe.up.ptObjectivesTo evaluate the potential risk to public health related with forest fires during May to September 2004 and 2005 with the following objectives: • to evaluate  the increase of PM10 concentrations• to evaluate the increase of exceedances of EU 24-h PM10 limits • to evaluate the influence on  particle mass distribution Experimental METHODOLOGYPM10 beta radiation attenuationmethod:• MSI 100 I et E (Environment S.A.)PM10, PM2.5 gravimetric mass  determination:• Bravo H2 (TCR TECORA) constant flowsamplers combined with PM10, PM2.5sampling heads in accordance with normEN12341• Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filters (2 µm porosity)Acknowledgments: Authors are grateful to  Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and to Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/24228/2005) for the financial  support of this work.  At sites TR1 and TR2 significant differences of PM10 concentrations were observed in August2005, when forest fires were much bigger than in other months.As site BG1 is situated in a mountainous area, where the influence of forest fires is stronger,significant differences of PM10 were observed also in May and June 2005.For all the sites, the highest increase of days exceeding 24-h PM10 limit was observed inAugust 2005.ResultsSite TR2 Site  TR1influenced by traffic emissionslocated in Oporto Metropolitan Area, PortugalSite BG1without anthropogenic emissionslocated in rural mountainous areaSite BG2PM10 at TR1 PM10 at TR2 PM10 at BG1Exceedances of EU 24-h PM10 limits0204060801001201401601802002202401.8.053.8.055.8.057.8.059.8.0511.8.0513.8.0515.8.0517.8.0519.8.0521.8.0523.8.0525.8.0527.8.0529.8.0531.8.052.9.054.9.056.9.058.9.0510.9.0512.9.0514.9.05[PM] / µµ µµg.m-3PM10PM2.5 EU 24-h PM10 limitPM10, PM2.5 at BG2: August - September 05Evaluating particle mass distribution at BG2, the average PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.67 for days without fires and 0.87 for dayswith fires. This increase was probably caused by higher PM2.5 concentrations generated by fires. Considering the healtheffects of smaller PM fraction, it may be concluded that fires strongly increase the potential risk for public health.Conclusions2004 2005 2004 2005TR1 36 43 2 13TR2 21 35 2 18BG1 6 16 0 11Number of days exceeding EU 24-h PM10 limit from  May to SeptemberNumber of days exceeding EU 24-h PM10 limit during AugustIncrease of exceedances of EU 24-h PM10 limits comparing  August 2004  and 2005 [%]35Site3849

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Concentration and Mass Distribution of Atmospheric Particles: Influence of Forest Fires

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